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There's no question that the British royal family is wealthy.
毫无疑问，英国王室很有钱。
Look at their homes, their transportation, their weddings, their jet-setting ---
看看他们的家，他们的交通工具，他们的婚礼，他们的飞机……
they live the lifestyles of the richest people on earth.
他们的生活堪称是世界上最有钱的人的生活。
So, when Prince Harry and Meghan Markle announced they wanted a new financial relationship with the monarchy,
那么问题来了，哈里王子和梅根·马克尔宣布，他们希望与王室建立新的金钱关系时，
it opened up questions about how the British family really makes their money, and what exactly are Harry and Meghan leaving behind?
人们不禁要问了，英国王室究竟是如何赚钱的，哈里和梅根放弃的到底是什么？
It turns out, the search for those answers starts with some of the most iconic royal real estate.
事实证明，要寻找这些答案，我们得先说说王室最具标志性的一些房产。
This map shows some of the real estate in the UK that is associated with the royal family.
这张地图显示了英国境内与王室有关的一些房产的所在位置。
This is Balmoral castle in Scotland—where the Queen spends her summers.
这是苏格兰的巴尔莫勒尔城堡，女王避暑的地方。
This is the Savoy chapel, nestled between buildings in central London.
这是掩映在伦敦市中心各大建筑之间的萨沃伊教堂。
And this is Windsor castle, just outside of London, where the Queen often hosts foreign leaders.
这是伦敦郊外的温莎城堡，女王经常招待外国领导人的地方。
Each one of these three properties represents a different way the royal family makes their fortune.
这三处房产每一处都代表着王室的一种收入来源。
The first is one of two that falls in the Queen's private wealth - which means if she were to leave the throne, it would still be hers.
第一处房产也是女王两大私人财产之一，私人财产的意思是即使女王离开王位，巴尔莫勒尔城堡也还是她的财产。
These can be traced back to the 1800s when Queen Victoria bought them and they've been passed down through generations.
究其渊源可以追溯到19世纪维多利亚女王买下它们的时候，从那以后城堡就成了王室代代相传的一处房产。
The other set of properties that contribute to their private wealth are the Duchies…
另一套为王室提供私产的机制是公爵的封地。
"Am I saying that right? Duchies?"
“我的发音对吗？封地？”
"Duchy, duchies that's right.
“封地，对的。
There is something called the Duchy of Lancaster.
英国有个叫兰开斯特封地的地方。
This is an old estate, ancestral estate dating back to the 14th century.
这是一座古老的庄园，而且是祖传的，庄园的历史可以追溯到14世纪。
It's now a portfolio of property and it provides a private income for the queen."
现在这个庄园已经发展成一个投资组合了，也是女王私人收入的一大来源。”
That portfolio includes historic sites and land throughout the UK - which is a lot.
这一组合涵盖了英国所有的历史古迹和土地——这就多了。
But the most profitable property are these blocks of commercial real estate in central London, which includes Savoy Chapel.
但利润最丰厚的要数伦敦市中心占了好几个街区的这些商业地产，萨沃伊教堂就在这里面。
There's also the Duchy of Cornwall, 130,000 acres of property that includes castles, holiday cottages and a cricket stadium in London.
此外还有占地13万英亩的康沃尔封地，该封地包含了伦敦的多个城堡、度假别墅和还有一个板球场。
Over the past 60 years, the Duchies have become increasingly profitable.
过去60年里，这些封地变得越来越赚钱了。
In 2019 they each made just over 20 million pounds for the royal family.
2019年，每一处封地都为王室带来了2000万英镑不止的收入。
The income from the Duchy of Cornwall goes to the heir to the throne, Prince Charles.
康沃尔封地的收入归王位继承人查尔斯王子所有。
About 5 million pounds of that went to his sons, William and Harry, in 2019.
其中有大约500万在2019年流向了他的儿子威廉和哈里。
And the income from the Duchy of Lancaster goes to the Queen.
兰开斯特封地的收入则归女王所有。
But there's a catch.
但有个问题。
"She only gets that because… she's queen.
“是因为她是女王……才有这笔收入。
It goes with the job.
封地的收入和她的工作是绑定的。
If she abdicated tomorrow, she wouldn't get 30 million dollars a year.
如果明天她退位了，那她就拿不到这笔3000万美元/年的收入了。
It goes with the Crown, as it were.
可以说，这笔收入是随王冠走的。
And because it goes with the crown, it's not really, totally a private estate."
因为它是随王冠走的，所以它并不是真正的、100%的私人房产。”
The best guess of the net worth of the Queen, the richest royal family member, is about $370 million pounds.
王室最有钱的人要数女王，外界对女王净资产的最佳揣测是3.7亿英镑左右。
That's obviously rich, but it puts her nowhere near the richest people in the world.
这样的身家显然是很大的，但跟全世界数一数二的富豪比，也就小巫见大巫了。
The illusion of the royal family's wealth is greater than their actual wealth because of the third way they make money:
人们对王室的财富有一种幻觉，但其实他们并没有大家想象的那么有钱，这其中的原因跟王室的第三种收入来源有关：
these properties are part of what's called the "Crown Estate."
这些属于所谓的“王室地产”的房产。
The Crown Estate includes iconic landmarks, like Windsor Castle, Buckingham palace and the Tower of London.
这一地产包括温莎城堡、白金汉宫和伦敦塔等具有代表性的地标建筑。
It also includes commercial real estate in London.
包括伦敦的商业地产。
And lots of land, including the seabed around the UK.
还包括英国大量的土地，比如英国周围的海床。
This group is worth billions of pounds - but - it doesn't actually figure into the Queen's wealth.
这些地产价值数十亿英镑，但其实，它们并没有计入女王个人的财富。
And the reason behind that can be traced back to a time the royals really needed money.
这一点可以追溯到王室特别缺钱的那段历史。
"In the 18th century, you had a long list of German kings, the Georges. Georges I, II to IV.
“18世纪时，英国立过好几位出身德国的国王，就是那几个乔治。乔治一世、二世一直到乔治四世。
And they wasted a lot of money, and they were terrible with money.
他们非常不擅长管理财政，结果挥霍了很多钱。
And they got into lots of trouble with the government,
也因为钱和政府发生过很多很多纠纷，
and in the end, one of the Georges, George III said, 'I'm broke. I'll give you all my crown lands.'
最后，其中一位乔治国王，其实就是乔治三世就说，‘我破产了，我把我所有的王室土地都给你。’
These were the personal lands owned by the King.
这些都是国王自己的土地。
And in return you give me a set amount of money.'"
你给我一笔固定数额的钱就够了。’”
So they gave up ownership of all these lands in exchange for taxpayer money that would pay for the royal family's lifestyle.
于是，他们放弃了所有王室土地的所有权，以换取纳税人的钱继续享受王室的奢靡生活。
This part of their income today is called the sovereign grant.
这笔收入就是我们今天所说的“国王津贴”。
Between 2018 and 2019, that amounted to about 80 million pounds.
2018年至2019年间（女王获得）的国王津贴为8000万英镑左右。
We don't know exactly how much of the sovereign grant went to Harry and Meghan,
这笔钱有多少到了哈里和梅根手里我们并不清楚，
but it accounts for 5% of the couple's income as part of their royal titles, the other 95% comes from the Duchy of Cornwall.
但以王室成员的名义分给他们的这笔钱占到了哈里二人收入的5%，剩余95%则来自康沃尔公爵封地。
