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Okay you've been asking for this video for a long time, so here it is!
好吧，你们已经要求出这期视频很长时间了，所以它终于来了！
Phrasal verbs in English.
英语中的动词短语。
I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!
我是来自mmmEnglish的Emma !
Now, why are phrasal verbs so difficult to learn?
那么，为什么动词短语这么难学呢？
Because there are many of them,
因为它们有很多，
because they're so commonly used that they can become overwhelming,
因为它们太常用了，以至于让人应接不暇，
because one phrasal verb can have multiple meanings.
因为一个动词短语可以有多种意思。
For example, the phrasal verb “put down”
例如，短语动词“put down”
can mean to place something down on the ground or a surface,
可以指把某物放在地上或表面，
to humiliate or criticise someone or to kill an animal that was sick or suffering.
也可以指羞辱或批评某人或杀死生病或受苦的动物
Many phrasal verbs are idiomatic, as well,
许多短语动词也是习惯用法，
so their meaning is not always as the individual words suggest.
所以它们的意思并不总是像单个单词所暗示的那样。
For example to “look up to someone”
比如“look up to someone”
can mean that you respect them.
意思是尊重他们。
You don't actually have to be shorter than someone
你不需要比别人矮，
and physically looking up to them to be able to use this phrasal verb.
也不需要仰视别人才能使用这个动词短语。
No wonder phrasal verbs are so frustrating!
难怪动词短语如此令人沮丧！
If you're determined to understand more about phrasal verbs,
如果你决心要了解更多的动词短语，
then this lesson is for you.
那么这节课就是为你准备的。
I'm going to teach you six things that you need to know about phrasal verbs.
我将教你六件你需要知道的关于短语动词的事情。
Starting with what is a phrasal verb actually?
从什么是动词短语开始？
A phrasal verb is a standard verb such as put, go, or take, plus one or two particles.
短语动词是标准动词，如put、go或take，再加上一两个助动词。
Now don't let that confuse you!
现在不要受到迷惑！
A particle in a phrasal verb is either a preposition or an adverb.
动词短语中的助词既可以是介词，也可以是副词。
Go out, go after, go together, go away.
出去，跟在后面，一起走，走吧。
These are prepositions and these are adverbs.
这些是介词，这些是副词。
But of course, there are many, many more phrasal verbs.
当然，还有很多很多的动词短语。
Hang out, look after, bring together, put away, hang up, look out for, bring out, put up with.
这些动词均含“把…放在一起”之意。
Now, once you know how to recognise a phrasal verb you need to learn how to use it correctly
现在，一旦你知道如何识别一个动词短语，你需要学习如何正确地使用它
and one of the first things that you need to find out is is it a transitive or an intransitive phrasal verb?
你首先要知道的是它是及物动词还是不及物动词?
If it's transitive, you need something or someone after the verb.
如果是及物动词，你需要在动词后面加某物或某个人。
If it's intransitive, it stands on its own.
如果它是不及物动词，那么是独立的。
Take the example from before, the phrasal verb “look up to”
以之前的例子为例，短语动词" look up to "
which means to respect or admire someone but this phrasal verb always has to be followed by a person, by someone.
它的意思是尊重或钦佩某人，但是这个动词短语后面总是要跟一个人，一个人。
You can't just say “I really look up to”
你不能只是说" I really look up to "
The first thing that I would have to ask them is who?
我要问的第一件事是谁?
Who do you look up to?
你尊敬谁?
“Look up to”
“Look up to”
is a transitive phrasal verb.
是及物动词短语。
You need to have someone after the phrasal verb to make it make sense.
你需要在动词短语后跟人，使它有意义。
But some phrasal verbs are intransitive
但是有些短语动词是不及物动词，
which means they work fine on their own.
这意味着它们本身就可以很好地发挥作用。
For example, to “grow up”
比如“grow up”
means to mature and you never need to add an object here.
意味着成熟，你不需要在这里添加对象。
Here are a few examples of how this works.
这里有几个例子来说明它是如何工作的。
He grew up in Singapore.
他在新加坡长大。
Your children are growing up so fast!
你的孩子长得真快!
What do you want to be when you grow up?
你长大后想做什么?
Now some phrasal verbs are either transitive or intransitive, depending on the meaning.
有些短语动词可以是及物动词，也可以是不及物动词，这取决于它们的意思。
So take the example “come over”
以"过来"为例
which has two meanings.
有两个含义。
The first is an intransitive phrasal verb and it means to visit someone in the place where they are, usually their house.
第一个是不及物动词短语，意思是去拜访某人所在的地方，通常是他们的家。
Why don't you come over?
你为什么不过来呢
It stands on its own.
它是独立的。
But “come over”
但“过来”
can also be transitive if a feeling suddenly comes over you or an emotion that affects you in a strong way.
如果一种感觉突然出现在你身上，或者一种情绪强烈地影响你，也可以是传递性的。
You would say that that emotion came over you.
你会说那种情绪控制了你。
A wave of anger came over him.
一股怒气涌上了他的心头。
So whether a phrasal verb is transitive or intransitive, it's important to know
所以，无论一个动词短语是及物动词还是不及物动词，重要的是要知道
because it helps you to understand how to use it correctly.
因为它帮助你理解如何正确地使用它。
Now in addition to knowing if a phrasal verb is transitive or intransitive,
现在除了知道一个动词短语是及物动词还是不及物动词外，
you also need to know if it's separable or inseparable and this is as simple as it sounds!
你还需要知道它是可分离的还是不可分离的，这听起来很简单!
Separable means that the verb and the particle are able to be separated in the sentence.
可分是指动词和助词在句子中可以分离。
So for example, the phrasal verb “take on”
例如，动词短语" take on "
which means to become responsible for something.
意思是对某事负责。
It's a transitive phrasal verb it doesn't make sense on its own.
这是一个及物动词短语，本身没有意义。
I'm going to take on the project.
我要接这个项目（take on the project）。
But we can also say I'm going to take the project on.
但是我们也可以说take the project on。
We can separate the words in the phrasal verb so it's separable.
我们可以把动词短语中的词分开，这样就可以分离了。
Now an inseparable phrasal verb means that we can't separate the main verb from the other words in the phrasal verb.
一个不能分离的短语动词意味着我们不能把主动词和短语动词中的其他词分开。
No way!
没门！
Let's go back to the example “look up to”.
让我们回到“look up to”这个例子。
So we know that this is a transitive phrasal verb.
我们知道这是一个及物动词。
It's also an inseparable phrasal verb.
它也是一个不可分离的动词短语。
You can't separate the words in the phrasal verb.
你不能把动词短语中的词分开。
It's not possible to say “look someone up to”
不可能出现“look someone up to”
or “look up someone to”
或者“look up someone to”的说法
It just doesn't work because it's inseparable.
这样说不通因为它是不可分割的。
Here's an example of how it could work though.
这里有一个例子来说明它是如何工作的。
I really look up to your dad.
我真的很尊敬你爸爸。
Now learning whether a phrasal verb is transitive or intransitive or separable or inseparable,
现在从开始学习一个动词短语是及物动词还是不及物动词，是可分还是不可分，
right from the start, will help you to use it correctly from now on.
就会帮助你从现在开始正确地使用它。
So when you learn a new phrasal verb,
所以当你学习一个新的动词短语时，
it's really important that you write it down.
把它写下来是非常重要的。
Write down a few awesome sentences of your own
写下一些你自己的精彩句子，
just to practise using the phrasal verb and applying the rules that I've just mentioned.
只是为了练习使用动词短语和应用我刚才提到的规则。
Now, phrasal verbs are just multi-word verbs.
短语动词就是多词动词。
So they need to be treated like any other verb in a sentence.
所以它们需要像句子中的其他动词一样被对待。
They need to show us which tense is being used
它们需要告诉我们用的是哪种时态
and they need to match the subject that they're being used with.
它们需要与被使用的对象相匹配。
I give up!
我放弃！
It's too hard.
太难了。
He always gives up without really trying.
他总是不费吹灰之力就放弃了。
We're not giving up yet!
我们还没放弃!
I thought you'd given up!
我还以为你放弃了呢!
See how the verb changes each time with the tense.
看看动词每次是如何随着时态变化的。
Next tip.
下一个提示。
Find the right phrasal verbs to practise.
找到正确的动词短语来练习。
Firstly, don't type “phrasal verbs” into Google
首先，不要在谷歌中键入“短语动词”，
and then wait for a big list to appear and try to memorise them.
然后搜到一个长长的列表并试图记住所有内容。
This will completely overwhelm you!
这会完全压垮你的！
You need to look for and find the phrasal verbs that are relevant to you and that are commonly used
你需要寻找并找到与你相关的、常用的动词短语
because there are thousands of phrasal verbs in English but you will never need to know all of them!
因为英语中有成千上万的动词短语，但你永远不需要知道所有的!
But you will need to know the ones that are coming up in your life.
但是你需要知道你生活中将要发生的事情。
Right?
是吧？
The important ones for you.
对你来说最重要的。
So you need to look for them.
所以你需要去寻找它们。
Read the news.
阅读新闻。
Read blogs that you love.
阅读你喜欢的博客。
Read the transcripts of TEDTalks.
阅读ted演讲的文字记录。
Read magazines and articles that are related to your profession.
阅读与你的职业相关的杂志和文章。
For example, take a blog post from your favourite English blog about English or just written in English.
例如，从你最喜欢的英语博客上找一篇关于英语的博文，或者只是用英语写的。
Go through it and highlight all of the phrasal verbs that you see.
通读一遍，标出你看到的所有动词短语。
Study how they're used.
研究它们是如何使用的。
Another great way to look for how phrasal verbs are used
查看短语动词用法的另一个好方法
is to use Google or any other search engine to search for specific phrasal verbs in the news search tab.
是使用谷歌或任何其他搜索引擎在news search选项卡中搜索特定的短语动词。
So I'll type in the phrasal verb.
我输入动词短语。
Let's try “put up”
让我们试试“put up”
and that's going to bring up a whole list of current examples where that phrasal verb has been used in context.
这就引出了一大堆在语境中使用的例子了。
Look! Breaking Bad house owners put up fence.
看!《绝命毒师》的房主们竖起了栅栏。
So they built a fence.
所以他们建了一个篱笆。
Here, someone will be put up for sale.
在这里，有人将被挂牌出售。
So he's made available for sale.
所以这个动词短语可以和sale连用。
Another. Signs will be put up.
再看一个例子。将会张贴告示。
Women don't have to put up with something.
女人不需要忍受什么。
These are all different ways that this phrasal verb can be used.
这些都是这个动词短语的不同用法。
Anyway the point is you're exploring which phrasal verbs are commonly used in recently written documents online.
无论如何，重点是你正在探索哪些动词短语在最近的在线书面文件中被普遍使用。
You're learning them in context and often in a context that's interesting to you!
你是在一个你感兴趣的语境中学习到动词短语的！
Now, practise using phrasal verbs in the right way.
现在，练习用正确的方式使用短语动词。
Focus on topics, not on alphabetical lists
关注话题，而不是按字母顺序排列
because that is how you're going to use phrasal verbs while writing or talking about a topic or issue.
因为这是你在写作或谈论一个话题或问题时使用短语动词的方式。
For example, if you're planning to take a holiday soon
例如，如果你打算马上去度假，
think about all of the phrasal verbs you might use on your trip.
想想你在旅行中可能用到的所有动词短语。
Get on the bus.
上公共汽车。
Take off in the plane.
在飞机上起飞。
Pick up the hire car.
上出租车。
Pack up your suitcase.
打包行李。
Go out for dinner.
出去吃晚餐。
Hang out with friends.
和朋友出去玩。
And if you don't know all the phrasal verbs that you might need,
如果你不知道所有你可能需要的动词短语，
then try looking at a blog post about the topic to inspire you
那么试着看一篇关于这个话题的博客文章来激励你，
or search YouTube for a lesson that can help you to learn this vocabulary.
或者在YouTube上搜索可以帮助你学习这个词汇的课程。
Or go to a list of phrasal verbs and see which ones will be helpful to talk about travel.
或者去看看动词短语列表，看看哪些对谈论旅行有帮助。
But don't forget to pay attention to whether they're transient or intransient, separable or inseparable.
但别忘了注意它们是暂时的还是暂时的，是可分离的还是不可分割的。
Another great way to practise is to start with a list of phrasal verbs - about ten would be perfect.
另一种很好的练习方法是从动词短语开始——大约10个就可以了。
They could be the ones that you highlighted earlier from the blog post.
它们可以是您在前面的博客文章中高亮显示的那些。
Remember? Now try to write your own story using the phrasal verbs.
还记得吗?现在试着用动词短语来写你自己的故事。
So use a dictionary if you need to and check the meaning.
所以，如果需要的话，你可以查字典，查查它的意思。
And to check if they are transitive or intransitive, or separable or inseparable
看看它们是及物的还是不及物的，是可分的还是不可分的
because the dictionary will tell you that!
因为字典里这些都有！
Now let me show you with an example.
现在让我举个例子。
Take these phrasal verbs, as the example.
以这些动词短语为例。
Hang out, look after, take over, put away, clean up.
闲逛、照顾、接管、收拾、打扫
On Thursdays I look after my nephew in the evening,
星期四晚上我照顾我的侄子，
because my sister works late.
因为我姐姐工作到很晚。
I only live over the road,
我只住在马路对面
so I usually take over dinner and we have a picnic in the back garden.
所以我通常接管晚餐，我们在后花园野餐。
He's very cute but very cheeky.
他很可爱，但是很厚脸皮。
I spend most of my time putting away his toys and cleaning up after him.
我大部分时间都在收拾他的玩具，跟在他后面收拾。
But I love to hang out with him!
但是我喜欢和他一起玩!
So I just built a really simple story about this list of phrasal verbs.
所以我只是建立了一个关于这个动词短语列表的非常简单的故事。
Now it doesn't have to be true
现在它不一定是真的
and it doesn't have to be really intelligent
它不需要非常聪明
but it challenges you to think creatively and to use these phrasal verbs.
但它要求你创造性地思考并使用这些动词短语。
So, those are my top tips for learning and using English phrasal verbs.
以上就是我学习和使用英语动词短语的建议。
Do you have any other tips that you want to share with everyone here?
你还有什么其他的建议想和大家分享吗?
Add them to the comments, I'd love to see your suggestions.
再评论中留下建议吧，我很乐意看到您的建议。
I'll be making more videos about phrasal verbs soon
我很快会制作更多关于短语动词的视频
but for now, why don't you check out these lessons right here?
但是现在，你为什么不看看这些课程呢?
And make sure you subscribe to the mmmEnglish YouTube channel just here
确保你在这里订阅mmmEnglish YouTube频道，
so that you never miss a lesson!
这样你就不会错过任何一节课!
Thanks for watching and I will see you next time.
谢谢收看，下次再见。
Bye for now!
再见！
