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So genomics, the idea that we can intervene with the genome of not just humans but any species in a way that might harden that species, improve its resilience to threats like climate change or make it more amenable to various medical approaches so as to ensure there's a reduction of harm.
基因组学认为我们可以干预的不只是人类而是任何物种的基因组，借此使这个物种更强大，提高它应对气候变化等威胁的能力，或者让它更适应各种医疗手段，以确保减少伤害。
And it can also be used in plants, for example, to speed up the growth pace and otherwise to provide ways to help harden the species or improve a species contribution to the response to climate change.
这也可以用在植物上，例如，加快生长速度，或者提供方法来帮助加强物种或改善物种对气候变化的反应。
So many aspects of society have been transformed by technology breakthroughs in the last couple of decades.
在过去的几十年里，科技的突破改变了社会的很多方面。
And I would argue that the environmental arena broadly and climate change in particular had seen very little of that brought to bear despite an urgent need. And I do think suddenly that's changing.
我认为，尽管有迫切的需求，但在环境领域，尤其是气候变化方面，我们几乎没有看到这方面的成果。我确实认为这种情况正在突然改变。
We now have a number of people that are looking at various aspects of the technology world and saying how might this help us achieve a sustainable future.
我们现在有很多人在关注科技世界的各个方面，并思考这将如何帮助我们实现一个可持续的未来。
And that is very much a focus of the Better Planet book with a number of authors putting forward both technologies and frames of thinking that might move us towards a climate change answer.
这是《更好的星球》这本书的重点，许多作者都提出了可能让我们找到气候变化答案的技术和思维框架。
One of the most important aspects of this in my mind is the concept of genomics, of thinking about how we do genetic modification as a strategy for improving sustainability.
在我看来，这其中最重要的一个方面是基因组学的概念，即思考我们如何进行基因改造以提高可持续性。
And the chapter in our Better Planet book that lays this out offers examples both in terms of human exposure to public health threats broadly and to climate change in particular
《更好的星球》书中的一章阐释了这个想法。在以下这两个方面，这一章给出了许多范例：人类面临公共卫生威胁，特别是气候变化；
and understanding how we might well be able to address individual exposures that differ from the general public with genomic intervention in the future sparing people pain and suffering they might otherwise face.
理解我们如何能够在未来通过基因干预来解决个体与公众面临的不同情况，从而避免人们可能面临的痛苦。
And perhaps even more interesting there are very significant ways that we might see genomic progress in addressing the plant and animal world.
也许更有趣的是，我们可能会看到基因组在植物和动物世界中的重大进展。
I'm thinking in particular of forests which could be a critical sink for carbon dioxide and I do think there are ways that we can make forests grow faster and perhaps serve more successfully as a sink for those greenhouse gases, ensuring a better response to the problem,
我特别想到的是森林，它可能是二氧化碳的一个重要的吸收库，我认为确实有一些方法可以使森林生长得更快，也许更成功地成为这些温室气体的吸收库，确保更好地应对这个问题，
and getting us to think about both mitigation, reducing emissions, but also the ability to set up nature as part of the solution absorbing those carbon emissions.
让我们思考如何缓解和减少排放，以及如何将自然环境作为解决方案的一部分来吸收这些碳排放。
