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In this atmosphere of civil unrest, Britain announced their withdrawal from India.
在这种内乱的氛围下，英国宣布撤出印度。
And it fell to this man, Lord Mountbatten, the Viceroy of India, to broker a deal between Nehru and Jinnah and to organize Britain's exit from India.
而在尼赫鲁和真纳之间促成协议，组织英国从印度撤军的重任就落到了印度总督蒙巴顿勋爵的肩上。
It was at this moment that these men agreed to the partition of India along religious lines.
就是在这个时候，这群人同意了按照宗教路线分割印度。
Jinnah would get Pakistan, the new nation that he believed would protect Muslims from oppression.
真纳将得到巴基斯坦这个他相信会保护穆斯林免受压迫的新国家。
Nehru, fearing more religious violence in India, agreed to the plan.
尼赫鲁因为担心印度会发生更多宗教暴力，便同意了这项计划。
"He agrees to the partition of colonial India into two separate religious states—
"他同意将殖民统治下的印度分裂成两个独立的宗教国家——
Pakistan with 100 million Muslims is created as a counterpart to India with 300 million Hindus. "
拥有1亿穆斯林的巴基斯坦作为拥有3亿印度教徒的印度的对立国被建立了起来。”
A British lawyer named Cyril Radcliffe, who had never been to India
一位名叫西里尔·拉德克里夫，但从未去过印度的英国律师
was given less than 40 days to draw up the new borders based on outdated maps and census data.
被要求根据已经过时的地图和人口普查数据，在不到40天的时间里绘出新的印巴边界。
Radcliffe kept the region with the Muslim League's political base in India, instead of including it within Pakistan's borders.
拉德克里夫将涵盖穆斯林联盟政治大本营的该地区留在了印度而非巴基斯坦境内。
And his borders also left most economic centers like Delhi, Bombay and Calcutta within India,
还把德里、孟买和加尔各答等大部分经济中心都留在了印度境内，
leaving the future Pakistan at an economic disadvantage.
由此将未来的巴基斯坦置于了不利的经济条件之下。
To make matters worse, the British unexpectedly moved the date of their exit up by ten months.
更糟糕的是，英国出人意料地将撤军日期提前了10个月，
They said it was important to get the two countries "launched and on their way,"
声称，让两国“走上自己的道路”很重要，
because "the longer you keep them hanging about, the greater the difficulties that arise."
因为“你让他们逗留的时间越长，出现的困难就会越大。”
But behind the scenes, Britain had been battered in the second world war,
然而，幕后的事实是，英国在二战中遭到了重创，
and no longer had the resources to continue its control over India.
已经没有那个资源继续控制印度了。
And so Britain rushed out of India, and finally gave them independence.
所以，英国才会匆匆撤出印度，最终给予他们独立。
Which meant that this moment —
这就意味着，这一刻——
one that was supposed to ease tensions between Muslims and Hindus —
原本应该是缓解穆斯林和印度教徒之间紧张关系的一刻——
was actually a botched handover of power.
实际上是一个拙劣的权力交接的时刻。
"On this historic day,
“在这历史性的一天，
when India takes her place as a free and independent dominion in the British Commonwealth of Nations,
在印度成为英联邦的一个自由而独立的自治领之际，
I send you all my greetings and heartfelt wishes."
我要向全体人民表示诚挚的问候和衷心的祝福。”
"Millions of Indians, led by Prime Minister Nehru, celebrated the independence of this great nation.
“在总理尼赫鲁的领导下，数百万印度人庆祝了这个伟大国家的独立。
Led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the new dominion of Pakistan also celebrated its independence on August 15, 1947."
由穆罕默德·阿里·真纳领导的巴基斯坦新自治领也在1947年8月15日这天庆祝了巴基斯坦的独立。”
It marked the origins of India and Pakistan, with horrific bloodshed.
这一刻代表了印度和巴基斯坦两国伴随着可怕的流血事件的起源。
The partition of India led to violent riots and mass migration along the newly created borders.
印度的分裂引发了暴力骚乱，以及新边界沿线的大规模移民。
Fearing religious persecution, many Muslims fled to Pakistan, while Hindus and Sikhs moved across the border to India.
由于害怕宗教迫害，许多穆斯林都逃往了巴基斯坦，而印度教徒和锡克教徒则越过边境来到了印度。
But many never made it to their destinations.
但很多人都没能到达他们的目的地。
"In the trail of murder and arson come the refugees.
“随着谋杀和纵火事件的出现，难民接踵而至。
Their suffering is the new tragedy of India.
他们的苦难也是印度新添的悲剧。
Carrying their few possessions, they flee savagery and butchery that has never been exceeded even in India's stormy history."
他们带着所剩无几的财产，逃离野蛮和屠杀，而那些灾难，即使是印度风雨飘摇的那段历史也无出其右。”
About 1 million people died and over 14 million were displaced.
在那期间，有将近100万人死亡，1400多万人流离失所。
Most of the bloodshed happened here in Punjab and Bengal,
而大部分的流血事件都发生在旁遮普和孟加拉，
where the new border cut through provinces that were home to Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs.
在那两个地方，新边界将原来穆斯林、印度教徒和锡克教徒混居的那些省份一分为二了。
And another province, Kashmir, which fell on the border, became the center of a different conflict --
而另一个边界省，克什米尔，则成为了另一场冲突的中心——
a dispute over ownership that would define the rivalry between the two nations for decades to come.
这场争议围绕的所有权问题将决定两国未来几十年的对抗局势。
"Already the province of Kashmir is in dispute."
”克什米尔省已经陷入争议之中了。”
"India is trying to hold down by force what she managed to take by fraud"
“印度正试图用武力压制她通过欺诈手段取得的成果。”
"The present hostilities originated with large-scale infiltrations from armed personnel originating from Pakistan."
“目前的敌对局势源自来自巴基斯坦的武装人员的大规模渗透。”
"If they have any idea of taking a chunk of my territory in East Pakistan, this will mean war!"
“但凡他们有夺取我在东巴基斯坦的一大块领土的念头，我们就会宣战!”
"Indians gunned down a plane which had no capability of doing anything in self-defense. It's a barbaric act."
“印度人击落了一架没有任何自卫能力的飞机。这是野蛮的行径。”
"This is an India that will return the damage done by terrorists, with interest."
“恐怖分子造成的破坏，印度会连本带利地奉还。”
The rivalry between India and Pakistan has persisted for over 70 years.
印度和巴基斯坦之间的较量已经持续了70多年。
But it's important to remember where it all began --
但重要的，我们应该记住这一问题的根源在哪里——
a British strategy that was designed to create a religious divide between people of one nation.
英国制定的，旨在在一个国家的人民内部制造宗教分歧的策略。
