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These photos look like they’re from a hotel, or a fancy college dorm room.
这些照片看起来像是某个酒店或是豪华大学宿舍的照片。
There’s a gym, common areas, and private bedrooms.
有健身房、公共区域，还有私人卧室。
But this place, just outside Halden, Norway, is a prison.
然而，位于挪威哈尔登郊外的这个地方其实是个监狱。
There’s no barbed wire, lots of greenery, and striking contemporary art.
这里没有带刺的铁丝网，反而有很多绿色植物，还有引人注目的当代艺术。
Inmates even have pretty great views out of their cell windows.
囚犯们甚至能从牢房的窗户看到很赞的风景。
It’s all part of a plan to make prisons more humane — through design.
这一切都是“通过设计让监狱更加人性化”这一计划的一部分。
The underlying philosophy behind humane prison design argues that the look and feel of a prison shouldn’t be a punishment.
人性化监狱设计背后的基本理念是，监狱的外观及其给人的感觉都不应该是一种惩罚。
"The sentence is taking away the freedom. Everyday life shouldn't be a...a sentence."
“刑期已经剥夺了大家的自由。日常生活就不应该再变成一种……一种惩罚了。”
And the first thing designers focus on is the basic architecture of prison buildings.
这座监狱的设计人员首先关注的是监狱建筑的基本结构。
In most prison architecture, facilities are consolidated into one contiguous building.
大多数监狱建筑里的各种设施都是合并在一个连续的建筑体内部的。
A courtyard design uses a rectangular building around a central outdoor space.
采用庭院式设计的监狱中央的户外活动空间是被围成一个矩形的建筑框起来的。
In a telephone pole design, rows of buildings are stacked like a ladder.
采用电线杆式设计的监狱将一排排的建筑像梯子一样堆叠在一起。
And radial designs have corridors that branch out from a central hub, like spokes on a wheel.
采用辐射式设计的监狱有像车轮上的辐条一样从中心轮毂向外延伸的走廊。
While these layouts are good for moving lots of inmates around efficiently,
虽然这些布局有助于有效地移动大量的囚犯，
they restrict prisoners to identical indoor hallways day after day,
但也会将囚犯日复一日地局限在一成不变的室内走廊里，
and tight quarters can unintentionally create tension and conflict.
而狭小的空间可能会在无意间制造紧张和冲突。
So humane prisons are often laid out in a campus design,
所以，人性化的监狱通常会设计成校园的形式，
where facilities are split between separate buildings, with a surrounding perimeter wall.
将各种设施用建筑隔开，外围则设置围墙。
At Norway’s Halden Prison, housing is located here,
在挪威的哈尔登监狱，牢房的位置在这里，
while education and visitation spaces are here, in separate buildings.
而教育空间和探视空间在这里，他们都在不同的建筑里。
This means most inmates have to start their day with a commute —
这就意味着大多数囚犯一早就要往返于各种地方——
mimicking life in the outside world and providing easy access to outdoor physical activity.
这么做是为了模仿外面世界的生活，提供方便的户外体育活动。
And unlike other layouts, which have windows that look out onto the prison itself,
不同于其他那些透过窗户看到的也还是监狱的布局，
campus design gives inmates a rich view of their surrounding environment.
采用校园式设计的监狱犯人可以看到丰富多彩的周边环境。
This access to nature also helps inmates track the passage of time.
这种亲近自然的机会也有助于囚犯感知时间的流逝。
"The inmates felt that they were in a diving bell.
"过去，囚犯会觉得他们被关在了一个潜水钟里。
They were disconnected with time and with space."
他们和时间，空间都是脱节的。”
Spending time outside and seeing days and seasons pass through windows helps reduce this problem.
到户外活动，看着白天和季节在窗户交替有助于减轻这个问题。
Plus, the grounds of humane prisons are usually landscaped carefully.
此外，人性化监狱的运动场通常也是进行过精心的景观设计的。
At Halden, tall birch and pine trees dwarf the buildings and obscure the perimeter wall,
在哈尔登监狱，高大的桦树和松树会使周围的建筑显得很矮小，也会让围墙变得很模糊，
lending what designers call an “anti-authoritarian” feel to the campus:
进而给校园带来一种设计师们所说的“反威权”的感觉：
inmates are never made to feel intimidated by the architecture itself.
囚犯们从来不应该被建筑本身吓倒。
Building materials influence humane design too.
建筑材料也影响着监狱的人性化设计。
In other prisons, interiors are made from hard materials like concrete, linoleum, and steel.
其他监狱的内部结构都是由混凝土、油毡和钢等硬材料制成的。
Materials like this block light, are visually unappealing, and constantly reflect noise.
这类遮光材料看着就不讨人喜欢，还会不断地反射噪音。
In prisons like Halden, you’ll see glass to let in natural light, and materials like cork and wood to muffle noise.
而在哈尔登这样的监狱，你能看到能够透射自然光的玻璃，还有能够消音的软木和木头等材料。
But humane prison design isn’t just about architecture and materials.
然而，人性化的监狱设计不仅在于建筑和材料方面。
It’s also about what happens inside the walls.
也和围墙里面发生的事情有关。
Halden’s design affects the way correctional officers and inmates interact.
哈尔登监狱的设计也影响了狱警和囚犯之间的人际关系。
Because housing is broken up into small communities with a shared kitchen and communal space,
由于居住区被隔成了拥有共享厨房和公共空间的多个小社区，
correctional officers can easily monitor inmates through regular face-to-face contact,
狱警就可以轻松地通过定期面对面的接触来监视囚犯，
instead of observing large groups of people from a distance.
而不是从远处观察一大群人。
And the guards’ rooms are intentionally designed too small, to incentivize them to move out into the inmates’ common area.
警卫室故意被设计得很小，以激励警卫到犯人的公共活动区域。
And this--that the guards are together with the inmates is a very important security system.
而这一点，也就是狱警和犯人亲密接触这一点对监狱的安全体系是很重要的。
Campus layouts help that relationship flourish:
校园式布局有助于促进这种关系的发展：
A study of architecture in Dutch correctional facilities found that campus design ranked highest in inmate-staff relationships.
一项有关荷兰监狱建筑的研究发现，校园式设计最有助于催生良好的犯人—狱警关系。
And US prison studies from the late ‘90s found that this style of direct contact resulted in fewer violent or security-related incidents.
90年代末一项关于美国监狱的研究发现，这种直接接触的方式能够减少暴力和其他与安全相关的事件。
Designing these humane prisons costs money.
当然，设计这些人性化的监狱是要花钱的。
Which is why most of the groundbreaking work is happening in Western Europe and Scandinavia,
这也是为什么大部分开创性的工作都发生在西欧和斯堪的纳维亚半岛的原因，
where smaller prison populations and more robust social support systems allow for more flexible experimentation.
因为这些地方监狱人口较少，社会支持体系更健全，因而具备进行灵活实验的条件。
And because US prisons often prize cost-saving over design, it’s still uncommon to see them here.
而且，由于美国的监狱往往把节省成本看得比设计更重要，所以这种设计的监狱在我们这边还比较少见。
But places like Halden are setting a new precedent for what the prison of the future could look like.
不过，哈尔登这类监狱正在为监狱的未来树立一个新的先例。
It's so important to have a human behavior toward people so they are not so angry. But give them...give them dignity.
人性化地对待大家，这样他们才不会那么愤怒，给他们尊严，这点太重要了。
It might feel counterintuitive to create pleasant, well-designed spaces like this for people who have committed crimes.
为犯罪的人打造这样舒适、精心设计的空间可能会让人觉得有违直觉。
But under a design philosophy like this, being imprisoned is the punishment — the architecture doesn’t have to be.
但在这样的设计理念下，坐牢才是惩罚，建筑本身则不必如此。
