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We all sort of know that music tugs at our heartstrings.
我们都知道音乐能拨动我们的心弦。
Think of the excitement you feel at a rock concert or the lump you get in your throat when the first dance starts at your friends' wedding.
想想你在摇滚音乐会中感受到的兴奋，或者在朋友婚礼上第一支舞蹈时的哽咽。
Think of that holiday music nostalgia
想想节日音乐的怀旧思绪
The First Noel or how nice it is to dance around your kitchen to your favorite Spotify playlist.
第一支圣诞歌，或者跟着你最喜欢的声破天（流媒体音乐平台）播放列表在厨房里翩翩起舞是多么美妙。
And like, there's definitely a reason that the soundtrack for a horror film is nothing like the one for a romcom.
恐怖片和浪漫喜剧的原声音乐完全不同是有原因的。
But the question of why music gives us the feels is a trickier one,
但是为什么音乐能带给我们这种感觉的问题较难回答，
and it's something psychologists have been investigating for a long time.
心理学家研究这一问题研究了很久。
Turns out, this research might be so difficult because there are a whole bunch of explanations.
事实证明，这项研究可能非常困难，因为原因有很多。
First, it's worth pointing out that music really is universal.
首先，值得指出的是，音乐确实具有普遍性。
whether you're hearing it through your ears or feeling something like rhythm through vibrations.
不管你是通过耳朵听还是通过振动感受节奏。
It's been found to be part of every known human culture, and even as infants, we react to and enjoy it.
人们发现，音乐是我们熟知的人类文化的一部分，甚至在婴儿时期，我们就对它做出反应并享受其中。
Different cultures also seem to use similar types of music for similar things.
不同的文化似乎也利用相似类型的音乐来做类似的事情。
This kind of suggests that music has an evolutionary purpose, which is something that scientists as far back as Darwin have proposed.
早在达尔文时代，科学家就提出，音乐具有进化性
They've suggested it could have been a kind of language before we had words, or an auditory way to convey what's usually expressed by movement.
他们认为，在文字出现之前，音乐可能是一种语言或者是一种听觉方式来传达我们一般通过动作表达的事物。
But even if there's a good reason for why humans have embraced music,
即使有一个正当理由来解释为什么人类喜欢音乐，
it's a little more complicated to explain exactly how it influences our emotions.
但要确切地解释它是如何影响我们的情绪，就有点复杂了。
It's so complicated that, for a while, some researchers actually thought that it didn't.
它是如此复杂，以至于有一段时间，一些研究人员实际上认为音乐没有影响我们的情绪。
They argued that the feels were just the result of tension being released as our expectations were met and violated by what happened in a song.
研究人员认为，这种感觉只是紧张被释放的结果，因为我们的期望在一首歌中得到满足和违背。
If you've ever gone "uhhhhh" at a dissonant and arrhythmic piece of modern classical music,
如果你听过现代古典音乐中不谐和和无节奏的部分，
you probably know that expectations do matter when it comes to listening to music.
你可能知道，在听音乐的时候，期望是很重要的。
But many researchers now argue that, while expectations might be one way songs influence us,
现在，许多研究人员认为，期望可能是歌曲影响我们的一种方式，
you really /are/ feeling emotions when an angry ballad brings you to tears.
当一首愤怒的民谣让你流泪时，你真的/正在/感受着情绪。
There's a lot of evidence that, when you listen to a piece of music, something is going on in your body and brain…
有很多证据表明，当你听一段音乐时，你的身体和大脑正在发生变化……
and that's kind of hard to ignore.
这是很难忽略的。
For example, some studies have found differences in participants' heart rates and blood pressures when listening to happy, uptempo, tonal music versus sadder, slower, more dissonant stuff.
例如，一些研究发现，当受试者听快乐、快节奏、有调性的音乐时，他们的心率和血压与听悲伤、慢节奏、不和谐音乐时的心率和血压存在差异。
Admittedly, it's hard to say whether the music changed how positive people actually felt or just got them more riled up.
诚然，很难说音乐到底是让他们变的更加积极，还是让他们更加愤怒。
But another study got around that a bit by looking at how music affected subjects' interpretation of facial expressions.
但另一项研究通过观察音乐如何影响受试者的面部表情，稍微绕过了这一问题。
They found that happy music made happy, neutral, and sad faces seem happier, while sad music made them seem sadder.
他们发现快乐的音乐使快乐、没有表情、悲伤的脸看起来更快乐，而悲伤的音乐使他们看起来更悲伤。
That seemed to suggest the music was making them feel things and influencing their perception of emotions.
这似乎表明音乐让他们感觉事物并影响他们对情感的感知。
And a 2014 research review published in Nature found that many of the brain regions we associate with emotion --
2014年发表在《自然》杂志上的一篇研究发现，我们大脑中许多与情感有关的区域——
like the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and hippocampus -- are involved when we listen to songs.
就像伏隔核、杏仁核和海马体一样，当我们听歌曲时也会参与其中。
So there's definitely some emotion-related stuff going on in your brain when you plug in your headphones.
所以当你戴上耳机的时候，你的大脑里肯定会有一些与情绪相关的东西。
But why and how those things happen is a much harder question to answer.
但这些事情为什么会发生，又是如何发生的，是一个更难回答的问题。
For one, the research hasn't been totally consistent.
首先，研究并不完全一致。
Different studies have asked slightly different questions when they've investigated music and emotion --
不同的研究在调查音乐和情感时问的问题上略有不同
like "What do you feel when you hear this?" versus "What do you hear in the music?"
比如“当你听到这个的时候你有什么感觉?”或者“你在音乐中听到了什么?”
If you aren't paying close attention to what the researchers asked their participants,
如果你没有密切关注研究人员问受试者的问题，
it can make the results of their studies seem confusing or even contradictory.
这会使他们的研究结果看起来很困惑甚至很矛盾。
And then there are all the potential mechanisms for how music gives us emotions.
还有所有关于音乐如何给予我们情感的潜在机制。
In 2008, in a paper from Behavioral and Brain Sciences, researchers argued that there may be as many as six, including things like reflexes in the brain stem,
2008年，在《行为与脑科学》杂志的一篇论文中，研究人员提出，大脑中可能有多达六种物质，包括脑干的反射，
but also more cognitive things like musical expectancy.
还有更多认知方面的事物，比如音乐预期。
Like, even though the emotions are real, they could still be caused by expectations, like older researchers thought.
比如，即使这些情绪是真实的，它们仍然可能是由期望引起的，就像过去研究人员认为的那样。
Another possible mechanism is that the feelings you get from music happen via a process called emotional contagion,
另一种可能的机制是，你从音乐中获得的感觉是通过一个叫做情绪感染的过程产生的，
where you mirror the emotion that you hear happening in the piece.
该过程映射出你在乐曲中听到的情感。
But how this happens in the brain is still unknown.
但这是如何在大脑中发生的仍然未知。
And then there's the idea that your memories can have something to do with how songs make you feel.
还有一种想法是，你的记忆可能与歌曲带给你的感觉有关。
Research has shown that melodies can evoke strong autobiographical memories,
研究表明，旋律能唤起强烈的自传式记忆，
meaning that a song really can take you back to when and where and what was happening when you listened to it.
这意味着一首歌真的可以将你带回到你听这首歌的时间、地点以及听这首歌时发生的事情
So it's totally possible that by bringing up a memory, a song could invoke the emotions associated with it, rather than one that's built into the song itself.
所以一首歌完全有可能唤起与之相关的情感，唤起的是记忆而非歌曲本身。
It's why that cute love song you and your ex used to like might make you feel angry or sad instead of all warm and fuzzy inside.
这就是为什么你和你的前任喜欢的那首情歌可能会让你感到生气或悲伤，而不是内心温暖舒适。
So yeah.
是的。
There are a lot of possibilities.
有很多种可能。
In that 2008 paper, the researchers argued that that might be part of the reason why we don't have things figured out yet.
在2008年的那篇论文中，研究人员认为，这可能是我们还不清楚的部分原因。
Having so many possibilites—and failing to distinguish when different ones are responsible in different situations—
这么多的可能性——无法区分不同情况下什么时候是哪种可能——
could be muddying our overall understanding.
可能会混淆我们的整体认识。
And of course, the idea of liking music is a whole separate issue…
当然，喜欢音乐是一个完全不同的问题……
because you totally can get pleasure out of a really sad song.
因为你完全可以从一首悲伤的歌中得到快乐。
It's basically Adele's whole business model.
基本上来说是阿黛尔的整个商业模式。
So we don't totally know how we get from music to feels, but we do definitely know that music makes us feel things.
所以我们并不完全知道我们是如何从音乐中获得感觉的，但我们确实知道音乐让我们有感觉。
There are a lot more questions to answer, but they're questions a lot of people care about and are looking into.
还有很多问题需要回答，但是这些问题是很多人关心和研究的。
After all, music is a huge part of most of our lives, and might have also played a role in
毕竟，音乐是我们生活中很大的一部分，也可能在我们的生活中扮演着重要的角色
Our evolutionary history.
音乐就是人类的进化史。
So next time you're sobbing along to the credits of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire or having a spiritual experience at a Beyonce concert…
所以，下次当你为《哈利波特与火焰杯》的演职人员而哭泣，或者在碧昂斯的演唱会上情绪爆发时，
Well, know that you're not alone.
要知道你并不孤单。
Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow Psych!
感谢收看本期心理科学秀！
If you'd like to learn even more about how how music affects us, you can watch our episode over on the main SciShow channel about why music can sometimes give you the chills.
如果你想知道更多关于音乐是如何影响我们的内容，你可以在科学秀的主频道上观看我们本集内容，了解为什么音乐有时会让你不寒而栗。
