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It's no secret that athletes love music:
众所周知，运动员热爱音乐：
rumor has it, swimmer Michael Phelps listened to the Eminem song "'Til I Collapse" before every race
有传言说，游泳运动员迈克尔·菲尔普斯在每场比赛前都会听埃米纳姆 的歌曲《Til I Collapse》，
and gymnast Shawn Johnson jammed out to "Soul Rock" by Ferras before every big meet.
体操运动员肖恩·约翰逊在每次大型比赛前都会高唱费拉斯的《Soul Rock》。
And that's because music not only puts them in a good mood, it might actually make the difference between bronze and gold.
这是因为音乐不仅能让人心情愉悦，而且还会对人产生重要影响。
Dozens of studies have found that listening to loud, uptempo music gets athletes working harder and helps them exercise longer.
许多研究发现，听高音量、快节奏的音乐能让运动员更努力地工作，并帮助他们锻炼的时间更久。
Which is why, of course, that's the kind of music you hear the moment you walk into any fitness center.
当然，这就是为什么你一走进健身中心就会听到这样的音乐。
But the real question is why this happens.
但真正的问题是为什么会出现这种情况。
Part of the story, no doubt, has to do with how music makes people feel, since how you feel affects how you think and act.
毫无疑问，这与音乐给人的感觉有关，因为感觉会影响人的想法和行为。
Music you like lifts your spirits, and in general, upbeat songs tend to make people feel happier.
听喜欢的音乐能振奋你的精神，一般来说，欢快的音乐会让人感觉更快乐。
A 2014 study in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science showed certain songs can even evoke a sense of power.
2014年发表在《社会心理与人格科学》杂志上的一项研究显示，某些歌曲甚至能唤起一种力量感。
When songs like "We Will Rock You" by Queen or 2Unlimited's "Get Ready for This" played in the background, the participants felt more powerful,
当皇后乐队的《We Will Rock You》或2Unlimited乐队的《Get Ready for This》等歌曲作为背景音乐播放时，参与者会感到更有力量。
and that led to them acting differently—doing things like choosing to go first in a debate or taking charge in an activity.
做出不同的行为——比如选择在辩论中打前阵，或者是负责一项活动。
This was especially attributable to bass sounds.
这主要归功于高音部。
When the experimenters chose an unfamiliar classical piece and artificially ratcheted up the bass,
当实验者选择一个不熟悉的古典乐并人为地提高低音时，
people in the study felt more powerful than when listening to the same track with the bass dialed down.
研究发现，这比听原来的歌曲更有力量。
Other studies have similarly found that people are more willing to take athletic risks when music is playing.
其他研究也同样发现，当播放音乐时，人们更愿意体育冒险。
So when athletes hear a fast-tempo song with lots of bass, they might work harder or do better because the music makes them feel stronger and more confident.
因此，当运动员听到节奏快、低音很多的歌曲时，他们可能会更加努力，或者做得更好，因为音乐让他们感觉更坚强、更自信。
Basically, they feel empowered to shoot that long 3-pointer, or go for that triple axel.
基本上来说，他们觉得自己有能力投中长三分球，或者完成三周半跳。
Music can also help distract you from what your body is feeling, which is helpful if you want to push yourself.
音乐也可以让你分散对身体感觉的注意力，如果你想强迫自己的话，这是很有帮助的。
You can only process so much sensory information at once, so hearing music—especially loud music you can't tune out—
你一次只能处理这么多感官信息，所以听音乐，尤其是大声的音乐，你无法置之不理，
draws your attention away from your sore muscles and your aching joints.
将你的注意力从酸痛的肌肉和关节上转移开来。
This effect is especially strong with music—researchers have had subjects listen to audiobooks instead,
这种效应在音乐方面尤其明显——研究人员让受试者听有声读物，
and they feel more exhausted than music listeners, maybe because the words alone just aren't distracting enough.
听有声读物的人感觉比听音乐的人更疲惫，也许是因为单词本身不足以分散注意力。
Nevertheless, you can get my book in audio form, An Absolutely Remarkable Thing, available wherever audiobooks are sold.
不过，你可以买到我的有声书——《An Absolutely Remarkable Thing》，在销售有声书的任何地点都可以买到哦。
Distraction can be a bad thing if you're doing something hard that takes a lot of coordination—basically, when you need to really focus to do well, like making that perfect putt.
如果你正在做一件需要很多协调能力的难事，分心可能是件坏事——基本上来说，当你需要集中精力做好一件事的时候，比如完美的推杆。
But if you're just trying to build stamina, or doing something automatic and repetitive like cycling, distracting music can help you last longer.
但如果你只是想增强耐力，或者做一些像骑自行车这样自动重复的事情，分心的音乐可以帮助你持续更长时间。
Also, working out literally hurts less when you put on your favorite gym tracks.
而且，当你穿上最喜欢的健身服时，运动就没那么难了。
That's because music can stimulate the release of natural opioids in the brain, dulling pain and helping you push your body harder.
这是因为音乐可以刺激大脑分泌自然阿片类物质，减轻疼痛，让你的身体更强壮。
All of this might be part of why exercise feels easier when you've got good tunes.
这就是为什么当有好的曲调时，运动感觉更容易的部分原因。
But it's still more than all of that, because studies have found you literally don't have to work as hard to perform the same action when you're listening to music.
但还不止这些，研究发现，在听音乐的时候做同样的动作就没那么辛苦。
In one study, researchers found that 61 participants used less oxygen—an objective measure of physical exertion—while lifting weights and listening to music.
在一项研究中，研究人员发现，61名参与者在举重和听音乐时使用更少的氧气——对体力消耗的客观测量。
Similarly, researchers found that 10 trained runners had lower levels of lactate in their blood—a physiological sign of exertion—while running on a treadmill if they were listening to music.
同样，研究人员发现，10名训练有素的跑步者在跑步机上听音乐跑步时，他们血液中的乳酸水平较低——体力消耗的生理信号，
Why this happens isn't well understood, but it might be because of how our neurons react to a good rhythm.
为什么会出现这种情况还不清楚，可能是因为神经元对有节奏地运动反应的方式。
It's called entrainment:
这叫做夹带：
basically, the neurons in your brain and the rest of your body sync to the beat, and that literally makes it easier on your muscles when you work out.
基本上来说，大脑和身体其他部分的神经元会随着节拍同步，这会让你在锻炼肌肉更加放松
Neurons in your brain, especially in the outer cerebral cortex, send electrical pulses in the form of brain waves.
大脑中尤其是大脑外皮层的神经元，以脑电波的形式发送电脉冲。
These can measured by putting a whole bunch of electronic sensors on a person's scalp—a test called an electroencephalogram or EEG.
这些电脉冲可以通过在一个人的头皮上放置一大堆电子传感器来测量——这种测试被称为脑电图。
And it turns out that when music gets pumped into your ear canal, the neurons in parts of your brain involved in hearing start to pulse in time with that musical beat.
事实证明，当音乐进入你的耳道时，大脑中与听觉有关的部分神经元开始随着音乐的节拍同步跳动。
Brain waves in the motor cortex sync up as well.
运动皮层的脑电波也同步运行。
Before long, neurons all over your body are essentially swaying to the beat.
不久之后，全身的神经元都会随着节拍摆动。
Unconscious actions like breathing begin to match the rhythm, like an athletic symphony.
无意识的动作，比如呼吸开始配合节奏，就像一首运动交响曲。
It's thought that this body-wide pacing helps your brain coordinate your muscles more efficiently,
人们认为这种全身范围的节奏可以帮助大脑更有效地协调肌肉，
so it's easier for your limbs to perform repetitive movements, like flexing and releasing when you're lifting weights or rowing your arms while you swim.
所以你的四肢在做重复的动作时会更容易，比如举重时手臂的张弛，以及游泳时手臂的滑动。
And when exercise is easier, you can do it better and for longer.
锻炼更容易时，你可以做得更好，时间更长。
Music can also help you recover after that heart-pumping workout.
音乐也可以帮助你在心脏泵血运动后恢复。
A 2017 study found that slow music helped 42 participants relax after exercise, lowering their heart rates and stress hormone levels more than upbeat music or silence.
2017年的一项研究发现，慢音乐比欢快的音乐或安静的音乐更能帮助42名参与者在运动后放松，降低心率和应激激素水平。
So forget all your GNC muscle powders—if you really want to up your game, just try a little music.
所以忘掉你所有的GNC肌粉吧——如果你真的想把事情做的更好，只需要尝试一些音乐。
Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow Psych!
感谢收看本期心理科学秀！
We really enjoy making and sharing free online educational psychology content like this video,
我们真的很喜欢制作和分享免费的在线教育心理学节目，就像这个视频一样，
so we're extra thankful to our patrons, whose continued support is what makes all of this possible.
所以我们特别感谢我们的赞助人，是他们一直以来的支持，才有了我们的节目。
If you'd like to help us keep this channel up and running, or learn more about joining our patron community,
如果你想帮助我们保持这个频道的正常运行，或者想了解更多关于我们社区的信息，
all the important details can be found at Patreon.com/SciShow
所有重要的细节都可以在Patreon.com/SciShow上找到。
