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You know what’s one of my favorite snacks? Yogurt!
你知道我最喜欢的零食是什么吗?酸奶!
It’s creamy and tangy, which means sort of sour and strong-tasting.
它是奶油状、酸的，这意味着酸味和强烈的味道。
And I think it’s really delicious!
我认为它真的很美味!
Sometimes I’ll have some yogurt for breakfast, maybe with some granola sprinkled on top or some fruit mixed in.
有时我早餐会喝酸奶，也许会在上面撒些格兰诺拉麦片，或者加点水果。
Or sometimes I’ll have it as a snack.
有时我也会把它当零食吃。
It’s so tasty, and it’s also really good for you!
它很好吃，而且对你也很有好处!
Most yogurt is made from milk — usually cow’s milk, but not always.
大多数酸奶都是用牛奶制作的——通常是牛奶，但并不总是如此。
There’s also goat milk yogurt, sheep milk yogurt, and even buffalo milk yogurt!
还有山羊奶酸奶、绵羊奶酸奶，甚至还有水牛奶酸奶!
But the ingredient that makes it so thick and creamy and gives it that tangy taste is something you might not expect: bacteria!
但是，让它如此粘稠和乳脂状，并给它带来那种刺激性味道的成分是你可能想不到的：细菌！
I understand why you’re surprised, Squeaks!
我明白你为什么惊讶了，吱吱！
Bacteria are super duper small living things, too small for us to see with our eyes.
细菌是超级小的生物，小到我们用眼睛看不见。
You might have heard people mention them when they’re talking about germs that can make you sick.
你可能听过人们在谈论细菌时提到它们，它们会让你生病。
But just like there are lots of different types of animals and plants, there are also lots of different types of bacteria.
但是就像有很多不同种类的动植物一样，也有很多不同种类的细菌。
And the kinds that we put in milk to make yogurt are actually good for you!
我们在牛奶中加入的酸奶实际上对你有好处!
Before yogurt-makers add this special good bacteria to the milk, they first get rid of any bad bacteria that could make you sick by pasteurizing the milk, or heating it up.
在酸奶制造商将这种特殊的有益细菌添加到牛奶中之前，他们首先要通过巴氏灭菌或加热去除任何可能让你生病的有害细菌。
That kills any bad bacteria that might be hanging around.
这样可以杀死任何可能存在的细菌。
We do this for all sorts of stuff that’s made from milk – yogurt, of course, and also cheese and butter!
我们用这种方法制作各种各样的牛奶——酸奶，当然还有奶酪和黄油!
Once the yogurt-makers get rid of any bad bacteria, it’s time to introduce the good bacteria.
一旦酸奶制造商清除了任何有害细菌，就该引入有益细菌了。
This is the special stuff that makes yogurt, yogurt!
这是制作酸奶的特殊材料，酸奶!
We call them probiotics.
我们称之为益生菌。
We already have some of these bacteria inside our bodies, and they help our stomachs stay healthy.
我们体内已经有一些这样的细菌，它们帮助我们的胃保持健康。
Sometimes it’s good to get extra probiotics, like if you have an upset stomach or if you were taking certain types of medicines.
有时多吃益生菌是有好处的，比如如果你胃不舒服，或者你正在服用某些类型的药物。
So the probiotics in yogurt are like a special extra boost.
所以酸奶中的益生菌就像是一种特别的促进剂。
When we add probiotics to milk, they start to eat a type of sugar that’s in the milk.
当我们在牛奶中加入益生菌时，它们开始吃牛奶中的一种糖。
And as they eat it, they turn it into something else: an ingredient called lactic acid.
当他们吃的时候，他们会把它变成别的东西:一种叫做乳酸的成分。
That’s what makes yogurt so creamy and tangy!
这就是酸奶成为奶油状、酸的原因！
There are a bunch of different types of probiotics out there, and they all make yogurt taste a little different.
益生菌有很多种，它们都能让酸奶的味道有所不同。
Some yogurts have a really strong flavor, and other yogurts are pretty mild.
有些酸奶味道很浓，而其他的酸奶味道很淡。
The type of milk the yogurt is made of affects the flavor, too — yogurt from a cow will taste different than yogurt from a sheep.
酸奶中牛奶的种类也会影响酸奶的味道——来自奶牛的酸奶和来自绵羊的酸奶味道不同。
You might have also seen yogurts that aren’t made from animal milk at all!
你可能也见过完全不是动物奶做的酸奶！
Maybe they’re made from soy milk or coconut milk or almond milk.
也许它们是由豆奶、椰奶或杏仁奶制成的。
The same kind of probiotics that are added to cow’s milk or sheep’s milk to make yogurt are added to non-dairy milks like soy milk, and that’s how those milks become yogurt, too!
在牛奶或羊奶中添加的益生菌也会被添加到豆奶等非奶制品中，这些牛奶也会变成酸奶!
And, of course, we can put different flavors in the yogurt to give it different tastes, like vanilla or strawberry.
当然，我们也可以在酸奶中加入不同的口味，比如香草或草莓。
Yogurts can also taste different from one another because of another ingredient: sugar.
酸奶的味道也会因另一种成分而不同:糖。
More sugar can make the yogurt taste sweeter, and there’s usually more of it in flavored types of yogurt than in the plain kind.
更多的糖可以使酸奶味道更甜，而且加味的酸奶通常比普通酸奶含有更多的糖。
We try not to eat too much sugar, though.
但是我们尽量不吃太多的糖。
A little bit is okay, but eating a lot of sugar isn’t very good for you.
吃一点是可以的，但是吃太多的糖对你不好。
You know what, Squeaks? All this yogurt-talk is making me pretty hungry!
你知道吗，吱吱?说了半天酸奶真让我饿坏了!
How about a nice bowl of fresh, tangy yogurt?
来一碗新鲜刺激的酸奶怎么样?
We could even add some granola and raisins on top.
我们甚至可以在上面加一些格兰诺拉麦片和葡萄干。
Thanks for joining us!
感谢收看！
If you want to keep learning all about our delicious, nutritious world, hit the subscribe button, and don’t forget to check us out on the YouTube Kids app.
如果你想继续了解我们这个美味又营养的世界，点击订阅按钮，别忘了登陆YouTube Kids应用看看我们。
We’ll see you next time, here at the Fort!
下次在堡垒见！
