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F.D.A., Alarmed by Teenage Use, Targets Vaping,
大批青少年吸食电子烟问题引美药管局重视
By Sheila Kaplan and Jan Hoffman
文/希拉·卡普兰，简·霍夫曼
The Food and Drug Administration on Wednesday declared that teenage use of electronic cigarettes has reached “an epidemic proportion,”
食品和药物管理局周三宣布，青少年使用电子烟已成“潮流”，
and it put makers of the most popular devices on notice that they have just 60 days to prove that they can keep their devices away from minors.
故他们已经将制造这一最受欢迎产品的制造商们纳入了警告名单，勒令他们60日内证明能够让自己的产品远离未成年人。
The order was part of a sweeping government action that targeted both makers and sellers of e-cigarettes.
政府已经针对电子烟制造商和销售商展开了大面积的清扫行动，周三的规定就是本次行动的一环。
If JUUL Labs and four other major manufacturers fail to halt sales to minors, the agency said,
药管局表示，如果届时JUUL和其他四家主要的电子烟制造商未能让自己在未成年人中间的销量刹住车，
it could remove their flavored products from the market.
药管局就可能将他们带香味的电子烟撤出市场。
It also raised the possibility of civil or criminal charges if companies are allowing bulk sales through their websites.
此外，药管局还指出，如果制造商通过网站进行批发销售，就可能收到民事或刑事指控。
The agency said it was sending warning letters to 1,100 retailers — including 7-Eleven stores, Walgreens, Circle K convenience shops and Shell gas stations —
药管局还表示，他们已经在给1100家零售店——包括7-11，沃尔格林，OK便利店等便利店和壳牌加油站——发警告函了，
and issued another 131 fines, ranging from $279 to $11,182, for selling e-cigarettes to minors.
并已开具131张与销售电子烟给未成年人相关的罚单，罚款金额从279美元到11182美元不等。
Federal law prohibits selling e-cigarettes to anyone under 18.
联邦法律明令禁止向18岁以下的任何人出售电子烟。
In a briefing with reporters, the F.D.A. commissioner, Dr. Scott Gottlieb,
在一场新闻发布会上，药管局的专员斯科特·戈特利布博士说，
said that more than two million middle and high school students were regular users of e-cigarettes last year.
去年经常使用电子烟的中学生已经达到了200多万。
The government’s tactics underscore a dilemma in the public health community:
政府的出面凸显了公共卫生界一个两难的境地：
In addressing one public health problem — cigarette smoking, which kills 480,000 people in the United States each year —
电子烟解决了一个公共卫生问题，也就是每年致死人数多达48万人的吸烟问题，
e-cigarettes are creating another — hooking teenagers who have never smoked on nicotine.
也引发了另一个问题，即让那些从未吸过烟的青少年深深地迷恋上了尼古丁。
E-cigarette users inhale far fewer toxic chemicals than do smokers of traditional cigarettes.
与传统卷烟相比，使用电子烟吸入的有毒化学成分要少得多。
But they can take in higher levels of nicotine, which is addictive.
但吸入的尼古丁会更多，而尼古丁是会让人上瘾的。
“The developing adolescent brain is particularly vulnerable to addiction,” the F.D.A. said in its statement announcing the actions.
药管局在宣布行动的声明中指出，“青少年的大脑尚在发育，因而特别容易上瘾。”
In particular, the agency has been watching the wildly popular JUUL, which offers especially potent nicotine hits.
药管局已经将广受欢迎的JUUL严密监视起来，因为该品牌电子烟中的尼古丁成瘾性尤其大。
JUUL Labs launched the sleek device, which looks like a flash drive, in 2015.
2015年，JUUL推出了造型时尚，看起来就像优盘的电子烟。
It comes with “pods” in eight flavors, among them mango, menthol and creme.
该款电子烟有包括芒果味，薄荷味和奶油味在内的八种口味。
译文由可可原创，仅供学习交流使用，未经许可请勿转载。
