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Eyes are incredible and complex creations.
眼睛是复杂而了不起的杰作。
To see, light is focused by the cornea, passes through a clear lens and is encoded by the retina, which sends electrical impulses to the brain.
眼睛要看到事物，光线需由角膜聚焦，然后通过透明的晶状体，并由视网膜进行编码，然后将电子脉冲传到大脑。
But if you have a cataract, proteins on the lens start to cloud together, creating blurry vision.
但如果你患有白内障，晶状体上的蛋白质就会聚集到一起，造成视线模糊。
For over 20 million people, this is how they see the world.
然而，对于2000多万人而言，这就是他们看待这个世界的方式。
Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness globally.
在世界范围内，白内障都是失明的主要原因。
"Blindness affects your life expectancy.
“失明会影响你的预期寿命。
You become a hangout, you become an appendage for the family.
让你成为一个废物，成为家庭的附属物。
And then you become an economic burden. "
然后变成一个经济负担。”
But thanks to a revolutionary surgical method, sight can be restored in just under five minutes.
然而多亏了一项革命性的手术方法，如今，只需不到五分钟，受损的视力就能重新恢复。
The small incision surgery is generally a very cost effective,
这种小切口手术大体上是非常合算，
and simple manual technique to remove cataract and still give the patient comparable results.
也很简单的一种手动摘除白内障的技术，效果也比较明显。
For over 20 years, Dr. Sanduk Ruit pioneered a surgical method and his team of doctors have performed over 600,000 surgeries.
20多年前，Sanduk Ruit医生开创了这种手术方法，如今，他的团队已经完成了60多万次手术。
In just five minutes, surgeons make a tiny incision in the eye, remove the cataract and insert an artificial lens.
医生在眼睛上开一个小口，摘除白内障然后植入人造晶状体，一共只需要五分钟时间。
Dr. Ruit's goal is to rid the world of treatable blindness with this quick and affordable method, and today he's doing just that.
Ruit博士的目标是用这种快速且经济实惠的方法让这个世界不再被可被治疗的失明困扰，而这也正是他正在做的。
Tucked away in the mountains of Nepal, crowds of prospective patients are waiting their turn for an eye exam.
远在尼泊尔的偏僻山区，许多潜在的患者正在排队等候眼科检查。
They've traveled long distances and across challenging terrain to the Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology,
他们是长途跋涉，翻山越岭才来到了Tilganga眼科中心，
a nonprofit clinical eye facility founded by Dr. Ruit.
该中心是Ruit医生创建的一家非营利性临床眼科医院。
Every time we see a bigger line, we tend to increase the stations inside, and there are more doctors, more staff who are working now.
“每当大家排起长队，我们就会增加医院内仪器的数目，现在我们医院的医生和员工都越来越多了。”
Born in Nepal, Dr. Ruit has dedicated his life's work to bringing cost-effective, hospital grade care to the world's poorest regions.
出生在尼泊尔的Ruit博士倾其一生都在为推动这个世界上最贫困的地区的低成本、医院级医疗服务而努力。
"It's a beautiful moment.
“这是一个美好的时刻。
Every moment when the patches come off, when you see the smile on the patient's face, it's always very nice,
每当病人拆除眼罩，脸上洋溢着笑容的时候，我就会觉得很开心，
It's this ticklish feeling, it charges your battery and makes you work harder. "
感觉心里痒痒的，就是这种感觉激励着我，让我更加努力地工作。”
Dr. Ruit and his team have established mobile surgery camps in North Korea, China, Bhutan, and Ethiopia,
Ruit医生和他的团队在朝鲜、中国、不丹和埃塞俄比亚也成立了流动手术营，
training local medical professionals and treating as many patients as possible.
培训当地医疗专业人员并尽可能地帮助更多的病人重见光明。
Tilganga has been a front-runner in delivering this high quality surgery at places where there are no health facilities.
“在没有卫生设施的地方提供高质量手术，Tilganga走在了世界的前列。”
Dr. Ruit's game changing surgical method comes down to a small incision and an affordable intraocular lens.
归结起来，Ruit医生划时代的手术方法就是开一个小小的切口，然后植入一个经济实惠的人造晶状体。
The lenses are manufactured in a state of the art fabrication lab, and they cost just $4 each.
这些晶状体都是在最先进的制造实验室中制作的，每个镜头的成本仅为4美元。
These lenses typically cost $100 in the developed world.
而在发达国家，这些晶状体的价格基本上都在100美元。
These are highly special plastic materials that you put and have no reaction in the eye at all.
“这些都是非常特殊的塑料材质，植入眼内根本不会引起任何排异反应。”
The lab produces about 350,000 lenses annually and sells them to over 60 countries.
该实验室每年生产大约35个晶状体，销往60多个国家。
"In West, most of the medical bills are very expensive, and partly because the state and the people can pay for it.
“在西方，大部分医疗费用都非常昂贵，部分原因是因为国家和人民能够支付得起。
And here, we have to make it cost effective because people can't pay for it. "
但在这里，我们必须把它做得非常划算，因为大家都拿出去钱。”
Inside the hospital, Dr. Ruit and his team are preparing for the day's surgeries.
在医院里，Ruit医生和他的团队正在为当天的手术做准备。
"The whole idea of the small incision surgery is to make the wound self-sealing,
“小切口手术的整个理念是为了让伤口能够自愈，
and the idea of making a wound self-sealing is to have an external opening and an internal opening at two different planes.
而要让伤口自愈就要在两个不同的平面上进行外部开口和内部开口。
You go and make a tunnel and have internal opening in another place, make an opening into the cataract.
打开一个通道，直通里面的开口，打开白内障。
Once the cataract has come out, it's more like a boiled egg.
露出来的白内障跟煮鸡蛋差不多。
The yellow of the egg is the nucleus, which you take out now, and then you go in and remove the rest of the white of the egg.
相当于蛋黄的部分是细胞核，也就是我们现在需要摘除的部分，然后再进去把剩下的蛋清部分摘掉。
And you have the shell of the egg on the back, which you have to intentionally keep intact.
但蛋壳部分还在后面呢，这个部分我们是要完好无损地保留的。
And on the shell of the egg, you put the intraocular lens.
然后我们把人造晶状体植入到蛋壳上。
The intraocular lense will allow you to focus and not, not leave you long-sighted.
晶状体能够帮助我们聚焦光线，还不会变成远视眼。
There are many instances where it changes the life of the person.
很多事情都能改变一个人的生活。
The things that we have done here in Nepal, especially in Tilganga,
我们在尼泊尔，尤其是Tilganga这里所做的
which has caused some revolution in public health of ophthalmology, ataract surgeries,
白内障手术，已经在眼科公共卫生领域掀起了一场革命。
and of that, probably 15 million wouldn't have been able to get this surgery done if an organization like us hadn't done this kind of homework.
而且，如果没有我们这样的组织来完成这项工作，大概有1500万人都无法完成手术。
So now they can get it done so the impact you can see.
陷在我们已经完成了这项工作，带来的影响是显而易见的。
They can have this kind of surgery, cost effectively, the number of surgeries can go up.
病人们可以做这种手术了，而且费用不高，手术人数就能上去了。
So I think it has a great public health impact."
所以我们的工作对公共卫生可以说是产生了莫大的影响。”
