评论
打印
Hey there! Welcome to Life Noggin.
大家好！欢迎来到脑洞大开的生命奇想！
Why does our body reject things like an organ or tissue from someone else?
为什么我们的身体会排斥像别人的器官或组织这样的东西呢？
Organ and tissue transplantation can be very important to modern medical therapy, so understanding why our bodies might reject the transplantation process can be medically critical to a person's health.
器官和组织移植在现代医学治疗中是非常重要的，所以理解为什么我们的身体会排斥移植过程，从医学的角度来看，对一个人的健康有着非常重要的意义。
This type of rejection is caused by your immune system in response to antigens on the foreign tissue, which can vary between individuals within the same species.
这种类型的排斥反应出现，是因为你的免疫系统对外来组织的抗原产生反应，这些抗原在同一物种内的不同个体体内有所不同。
To help prevent negative reactions, doctors try to match the donor to have similar antigens to the receiver.
为了避免不良反应，医生们尽量为接受者匹配有着相似抗原的捐赠者。
It only seems that identical twins may have identical tissue antigens though, which is part of the reason why most transplants have some degree of rejection in the receiver's body.
不过，似乎只有同卵双胞胎可能有相同的组织抗原，这也是大多数移植器官在接受者体内受到一定程度的排斥的部分原因。
Medicine is often used to suppress a person's immune system so that it doesn't work against them and launch an immune response to destroy the foreign tissue, ironically not understanding that it was put there to help the person!
药物通常用来抑制一个人的免疫系统，这样它就不会排斥它们，也不会引发免疫反应来破坏外来组织，讽刺的是，免疫系统不知道那是为了帮助这个人才移植进去的。
It reminds me of when people were suspicious of Superman, not knowing the alien dude is just here to help!
这让我想起当人们怀疑超人的时候，不知道那个外星人只是来帮忙的！
When rejection does take place though, symptoms often arise such as flu-like symptoms, pain around the transplant, a decrease in the transplanted organs function, and sometimes even a fever.
而发生排斥反应时，通常会出现一些症状，比如类似流感的症状，移植后的疼痛，移植器官功能的下降，有时甚至是发烧。
If the antigens were completely unmatched, then hyperacute rejection can take place within minutes after the transplant.
如果抗原完全不匹配，在移植后几分钟内就会发生超急性排斥反应。
This can lead to the recipient's death if the foreign tissue is not removed right away. A common example of this severe type of rejection is when a person is given an incompatible blood type.
如果不立即移除外来组织，就会导致接受者死亡。这种严重的排斥反应有一个常见的例子，就是输血时输入了不兼容的血型。
With humans commonly rejecting parts even from other humans, it might come as a surprise that parts of other animals are sometimes used in medical operations, which is called xenotransplantation.
让人吃惊的是，既然人类通常会排斥其他人类的器官，手术中有时会用其他动物的器官，这被称为异种移植。
This is when there is a procedure that involves the transplantation, implantation, or infusion of live cells, tissues, or organs from a nonhuman animal source into a human recipient.
这个过程包括将非人类动物源的活细胞、组织或器官移植、植入或注入到人类受体的过程。
In fact, when a human heart has problems with its heart valves, sometimes pig or cow valves are used to replace it!
事实上，人类心脏瓣膜有问题时，有时可以用猪或牛瓣膜来代替！
Mechanical valves can also be created from man-made materials and can last longer than animal tissue, but these often require the patient to take an anticoagulant, which is a medicine used to help prevent blood clots.
机械瓣膜也可以由人造材料制成，而且比动物组织的寿命更长，但这通常需要患者服用抗凝剂，这是一种用来预防血栓的药物。
If that doesn't sound like science fiction enough, some companies are currently trying to breed animals to have genetic similarities to humans in hopes that their organs can be used for human transplants and not be rejected.
这听起来可能还不够科幻，一些公司目前正在尝试培育动物，使其与人类具有基因相似性，希望它们的器官可以用于人体移植，并且不受排斥。
They're not there yet, but have made a few steps towards their goal like having a pig's heart stay alive in a baboon's stomach for over 2 and a half years.
目前还没有实现，但他们已经朝着目标迈进了几步，比如让一头猪的心脏在狒狒肚子里存活两年半多。
This is obviously very different from what they want with human trials, but if something like this could actually work with humans one day, it could do wonders for saving lives!
很明显，这与他们想要的人类试验的结果截然不同，但如果有一天真的能应用到人体，那它就能创造奇迹，拯救生命！
According to the Food and Drug Administration, around ten patients die in the US every day while on the waiting list to receive vital organ transplants, so anything to further the amount of viable organs would help!
根据美国食品和药物管理局(Food and Drug Administration)的数据，每天约有10名患者等不到重要器官移植而死亡，因此，任何能够增加可存活器官数量的技术都会有所帮助！
So what do you think about all this? And what do you want us to talk about next? Let me know in the comments section below!
你对这些有什么看法？接下来我们要谈什么呢？请在下面的评论部分告诉我！
And if you want to know just how smart your body is? Then you should definitely check out this video.
如果你想知道你的身体有多聪明？那你一定要看看这个视频。
Your body also has you unconsciously blink to keep your eyes moistened and help prevent foreign bodies from entering your eyes.
身体也会让你无意识地眨眼，让眼睛湿润，防止异物进入眼睛。
It typically does this around 15 times a minute! That means it takes you about 12 minutes to blink 182 times.
通常是每分钟15次。这意味着你眨眼182次需要12分钟。
As always, my name is Blocko. This has been Life Noggin. Don't forget to keep on thinking!
我是宝高，这里是脑洞大开的生命奇想。思考不要停！
