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Hey there! Welcome to Life Noggin!
大家好！欢迎来到脑洞大开的生命奇想！
Have you ever wondered what the effects of American football are on the body?
你有没有想过美式橄榄球对身体的影响？
Now I'm not talking about the effects of all those deliciously greasy foods you eat during the big game.
我说的不是你看比赛时吃的那些美味油腻食物的影响。
No, I'm talking about what American football does to the bodies of the players.
不，我是说美式橄榄球对球员身体的影响。
Grab your helmets, this could get a little rough. Red 27, Red 27...Hike! football stuff.
戴上头盔，这可能有点粗野。红队27号！红队27号！开球！橄榄球这东西。
Let's start by taking a look at one of the most important parts of our bodies: our noggins.我们先来看看身体最重要的部分：头部。
One of the biggest risks a football player has to their brains is a concussion.
橄榄球运动员的大脑所面临的最大风险之一就是脑震荡。
A concussion is a traumatic brain injury that alters the way a person's brain functions.
脑震荡是一种创伤性脑损伤，会改变人的大脑功能。
Their effects usually are temporary, but they can include headaches and problems with your memory, balance, and coordination.
它们的影响通常是暂时的，但它们可能引发头痛、以及记忆力、平衡和协调方面的问题。
They often occur from a blow to the head, but they can also happen from a strike anywhere else due to the head and upper body being violently shaken from the force.
通常头部受到重击会引发脑震荡，但头部和上半身猛烈震动引发的其他任何地方的撞击，也有可能引发脑震荡。
Helmets are meant to prevent against concussions, but players can still suffer from them even when they are wearing one.
头盔是用来防止脑震荡的，但即使是戴着头盔，人也会受到伤害。
They sure do make my noggin look a lot bigger though! Pass that ball, Score points, football. But are concussions the only risk to a player's brain?
不过他们确实让我的头看起来更大了！传球，得分，踢橄榄球。但是运动员大脑只有脑震荡这一个风险吗？
Well, according to a recent Danish study, people that get a brain injury, like a concussion or a skull fracture, are at a far greater risk of developing mental disorders than those who don't have head injuries.
根据丹麦最近的一项研究，那些受到脑损伤的人，比如脑震荡或颅骨骨折，患精神障碍的风险要比头部没有受伤的那些人高得多。
The risk increased by over 50% for conditions like depression and schizophrenia, with the risk for organic mental disorders increasing by over 400%!
患抑郁症和精神分裂症等疾病的风险增加了50%以上，器质性精神紊乱的风险增加了超过400%！
With concussions making up a little over 7% of all injuries in college football players and there being over 270 recorded concussions in the NFL in the year 2015 alone, that's quite a lot of injuries to further the risk of football players having mental disorders!
在大学橄榄球运动员中，脑震荡占所有伤害的7%多一点，而美国职业橄榄球大联盟（NFL）中仅2015年一年就有超过270次的脑震荡，这么多伤害，加重了橄榄球运动员患精神障碍的风险。
But what about other parts of our beautiful sea of atoms?
那么我们这美丽的原子海洋的其他部分呢？
Well, according to the NCAA, the knee is the most common location for injuries in collegiate football players and ligament sprains are the most common injury.
全国大学体育协会表示，膝盖是大学橄榄球运动员受伤最常见的部位，韧带扭伤是最常见的伤害。
Other physical injuries that football players may be prone to are torn hamstrings, dislocated shoulders, and ACL injuries.
橄榄球运动员常见的其他身体伤害，有腿筋撕裂，肩膀脱臼，和前交叉韧带损伤。
Injuries can be easy to spot, but what about more chronic problems?
受伤很容易被发现，但是慢性问题呢？
It may not be as evident as physical injury, but football players seem to have an issue with obesity and weight management.
这可能不像身体受伤那样明显：橄榄球运动员似乎都有肥胖和体重管理的问题。
In a recent study, it was found that every year from 1942 until 2011, players at all positions, from quarterbacks to linebackers, have gotten increasingly heavier.
在最近的一项研究中，人们发现，从1942年到2011年，所有位置的球员，从四分卫到后卫，都变得越来越重。
Linemen showed to have the greatest change, with an average increase of almost 100 pounds on their supportive skeletons over the span of the study!
锋线队员体重变化最大，他们在研究期间平均增加了近100磅。
They had about an 11% increase in body fat. But the issue isn't just for active players.
他们的体脂增加了11%。但问题并不仅仅存在于在役运动员身上。
Another study looking at over 500 retired NFL players found that almost 60% of linemen had metabolic syndrome, compared to the national average of about 20%.
另一项研究调查了超过500名退役的NFL球员，发现几乎60%的锋线队员患有代谢综合症，而全国平均水平约为20%。
Taking a page right out of Newton's notebook. No, not that Newton! Yeah that one! The greater the mass of a player, the more force they can potentially create.
翻翻牛顿的笔记本。不，不是那个牛顿！是的，这个！球员的质量越大，他们能创造出的力量越大。
But this extra mass can be quite the hindrance to retired players.
但是这种多余的重量对退役球员来说是一个很大的障碍。
Heavier individuals tend to have higher blood pressure, higher risks of heart disease, and a greater chance for metabolic disorders like Type 2 diabetes.
体重较重的人往往更容易患高血压和心脏病，患2型糖尿病等代谢紊乱性疾病的可能更大。
After being used to the lifestyle choices that seek a heavier weight during their career, it can be difficult for players to slim down once they retire from the field.
在他们的职业生涯中，习惯了追求体重的生活方式后，一旦他们从场上退役，就很难减肥了。
So it sure seems like American football is one dangerous sport! But they sure are a great band, am I right? Did anyone get that reference?
所以看起来美式橄榄球是一项危险的运动！但他们确实是一支伟大的乐队，对吧？有人明白我的意思吗？
Let me know in the comments below which football team you're rooting for and if you don't root for any football team, let me know what sport is your favorite.
在下面的评论中告诉我你支持哪个橄榄球队，如果你不支持任何一个橄榄球队，请告诉我你最喜欢什么运动。
And if you don't like sports at all, let me know what we should talk about next.
如果你根本不喜欢运动，那就告诉我接下来该聊些什么。
If you guys haven't heard Life Noggin has relaunched a channel called Play Noggin. It's all about exploring the science of your favorite video games.
不知道你们听没听说过我们节目已经重新启动了一个叫做游戏奇想的频道，主要探索你最喜欢的电子游戏背后的科学。
So if you love Life Noggin and wanna learn even more, check it out.
所以，如果你热爱这个节目，还想要学习更多知识，那就去看看。
Some minecraft users have dedicated countless hours to building in-game computers. One such user, Hans Lee Merson, even built one that simulates minecraft within Minecraft.
一些《我的世界》用户花了很多时间来构建游戏内的电脑。其中一个用户，汉斯·李·默森 ，竟然在《我的世界》中制作了一个模拟《我的世界》的电脑。
As always, I'm Blocko. This has been Life Noggin. Don't forget to keep on thinking!
我是宝高，这里是脑洞大开的生命奇想。思考不要停！
