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This is the VHS for An Extremely Goofy Movie.
这是《极限高飞》的一个录影带
It’s the follow up to the cult classic A Goofy Movie
是《终极傻瓜》系列电影中的一部
and it’s one of my favorite animated films.
也是我最喜欢的动画片之一
Now, there’s a moment in this movie where Bobby Zimmeruski, Max’s stoner friend —
这部电影里有一个场景是Bobby Zimmeruski，也就是Max的铁哥们儿——
You know, the one that chugs Cheese Wiz?
你知道的，就是那个往嘴里猛灌乳酪酱的家伙——
He says, “Do you ever wonder why we’re always like...wearing gloves?”
他说，“你有没有想过，为什么我们总是……戴着手套？”
That’s a damn good question, Bobby.
这个问题问得非常好，Bobby
Let’s figure this out.
我们现在就来把它弄个明白
Does the question, "Why do Animated characters wear gloves?" come up a lot for you?
您是不是也经常想过“为什么动画片里的角色总是戴着手套”这个问题？
The question rarely comes up,
我很少想到这个问题
but when it does, there are a number of answers to it.
但当我确实想到这个问题的时候，我想到了几个答案
That’s John Canemaker,
刚才那位是John Canemaker
he’s an animation historian and professor at NYU.
他是纽约大学的一名教授，同时也是一名动画历史学家
The most basic theory is that gloves saved time.
最基本的解释是画手套能够节省时间
Animation of any kind— even with computers—
不论是哪种动画——即便是电脑制作的动画——
is a very work-intensive or labor intensive process.
都是高强度、高劳力的工作
Pardon me.
请原谅
I've always wondered how they were made.
我一直都在想他们是怎么做出来的
At the dawn of animation,
动画刚出现的时候
everything was hand-drawn over and over and over again.
所有的东西都是一遍一遍手画出来的
And certain techniques to make the process more efficient shaped the style of the cartoons.
一些技术就通过提高这一过程的工作效率，改变了卡通动画片的风格
Felix the Cat, for example, was a very boxy-looking character.
就说那只叫Felix的猫吧，它还是一个四四方方的形象
As Felix was becoming more popular,
随着Felix的人气越来越高
the animator Bill Nolan decided to remove his snout and make him more circular overall.
动画设计师Bill Nolan决定给它换个鼻子，让它整个都变得更圆润一点
And that design—what they call the "rubber hose and circle" design,
这一设计——人们称之为“橡胶软管和圆形”设计
very spaghetti-like arms of the characters—
用这一设计绘制的形象非常像意大利面的形状——
continued to the design of Mickey Mouse as well.
也延续到了米老鼠的形象设计当中
This rubber hose and circle aesthetic allowed animators
这个橡胶软管状和圆圈的美学设计能让动画师
to quickly draw arms, legs, and heads
快速画出角色手臂、腿和手，
without spending too much time developing realistic details of the character’s body—
而不用花太多时间去描画角色的身体——
like elbows and knees.
如肘部和膝盖等细节
A round edge was much faster to draw than an angle,
圆边比棱角好画很多，
and that certainly applied to hands, with all those fingers and knuckles.
这个原理当然也适用于描画有手指还有关节的手部
But hands posed another a problem for animators in the age of fuzzy black and white film.
然而，手指细节给黑白模糊电影时代的动画师带来另一个问题——
Characters were in black and white films, difficult to see against their black bodies.
这些电影都是黑白的，所以我们很难看清楚各个角色的身体。
Take a look at Mickey Mouse.
就拿米老鼠来说吧
In 1927’s Plane Crazy he had black hands and feet, just like Felix.
在1927年《疯狂的飞机》这部电影中，它跟菲力猫一样，手脚都是黑色的。
He gained shoes by 1928’s Steamboat Willie
但在1928年的《汽船威利》里，它穿上了鞋子。
and in 1929 he’s wearing gloves in The Opry House.
在1929年的《大剧院的房子》里，它还戴起了手套。
The rubber hose style of animation is in full effect here.
橡皮软管这一风格在影片里表现得淋漓尽致，
Every character is exaggerated, round, and simple.
因为每个角色得以以既夸张，又圆润、简单的方式呈现出来。
And like many of the glove-wearing cartoon characters of his time,
和那个时代许多戴手套的卡通人物一样，
Mickey Mouse is a non-human doing very human things.
米老鼠这个非人类角色做的却是人类所做的事情。
In his 1968 biography, The Disney Version, Walt Disney addresses this very issue.
华特·迪士尼在他于1968年写的自传《迪士尼版本》中回答了这一问题
He says, "We didn't want him to have mouse hands,
他说，“我们不想给它画一双老鼠的手”
because he was supposed to be more human.
因为它要表现得像人一样
So we gave him gloves."
所以我们就给它画了手套。”
So in addition to saving time and providing color contrast,
所以，除了节约时间和增强颜色对比外，
gloves bring non-human things to life,
手套还能让非人类的形象鲜活起来
making their grand gestures stand out.
让它们模仿人类的行为更加生动
These 1935 tea kettles from Van Beuren Studio have them.
1935年，凡伯伦制片厂的茶壶形象也戴着手套。
This movie camera does too.
这个卡通摄像机的形象也戴了手套
When Pinocchio is a puppet, he wears gloves.
匹诺曹还是木偶时也戴着手套
But when he becomes a boy, they disappear.
但当他变成男孩时，手套就不见了，
They’re no longer needed.
因为已经不需要了。
But there’s another, less practical influence behind cartoon characters’ white gloves.
然而，卡通形象之所以都戴着白手套，背后还有一个更离谱的原因
The Opry House is a film about Mickey putting on a big vaudeville show.
《大剧院的房子》讲的是米老鼠举办一个盛大歌舞杂耍表演的故事。
That film and many of the animations that predated it
那部电影和很多早于这部电影的动画片
were inextricably linked to vaudeville performance and the blackface minstrel shows of the time.
无一例外地都受到了当时歌舞杂耍表演和黑面表演的影响
In fact, early animators often performed on vaudeville stages.
实际上，早期的动画师经常在歌舞杂耍舞台上表演。
Nicholas Sammond writes in Birth of An Industry
尼古拉斯·西蒙德就曾在《工业的诞生》中写道，
that early animated characters like Felix the Cat, Bimbo, Bosko,
早期的卡通形象，如菲力猫、宾博、博斯科
and Mickey Mouse “weren’t just like Minstrels, they were Minstrels.”
还有米老鼠，“都不仅仅是像黑面表演者，他们就是黑面表演者。”
Both the cartoons and the stage characters
这些卡通形象和舞台角色
were portrayed as mischievous and rebellious yet good natured.
都被描绘成了顽皮叛逆，但天性善良的形象
They wore loose clothes, had painted faces, and … they wore white gloves.
他们穿着宽大的衣服，脸上涂满颜色……还戴着手套。
In the 1930s vaudeville and blackface minstrelsy declined.
到了19世纪30年代，歌舞杂耍表演和黑面表演逐渐衰落，
White gloves were no longer associated with vaudeville to a new generation of viewers.
在新时代观众眼里，白手套不再是歌舞咋杂耍表演特有的象征，
Instead, they were just part of the cartoon style people came to expect.
而是人们习以为常的卡通风格
There’s also The Band Concert, do you know that film
还有《米老鼠的音乐会》，你知道这部电影吗？
It’s from 1935.
1935年的电影
One of the characters is cow character called Clarabelle Cow
其中有一个角色叫克拉贝尔牛，
and she plays the flute and her glove gets stuck in the flute
她演奏长笛的时候手套卡进笛孔里了，
so, really strange without the glove on it.
要是她没戴手套那就很奇怪了
Sixty years later Goofy takes off his gloves before getting in a pool
六十年后，高飞在一个下泳池的场景里也脱下了手套。
and it’s quite, frankly, really disturbing.
那个场景，说实话，让我感到很不自在
Now what’s really bothering me
但最让我困惑的
is why Daffy Duck and many other animated birds don’t wear gloves.
还是要数“为什么达菲鸭和其他鸟类卡通角色不戴手套”这个问题了
We might never know.
这个问题的答案我们可能永远都不会知道
Look, let’s not split hairs. Why do you even wear gloves?
听我说，我们就别再钻牛角尖了。你干嘛戴手套呢？
Because, I’ve always worn them. It’s who I am.
因为我一直都有戴啊，不戴就不是我了
Why do you wear that thing around your neck?
那你为什么在脖子上戴个那玩意儿？
Touché Bugs Bunny. Touché.
扎心了，兔八哥，扎心了
