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And, there's shockingly little that is in between.
鲜有公司介于两者之间
And this dichotomy is not understood very well
这种两极分化人们还不太理解
because people are constantly lying about the nature of the businesses they're in.
因为企业家通常会掩饰他们公司的真实情况
And this is why, this is in my mind, this is the most important.
也许这不是商业世界中
It's not necessarily the most important thing in business,
最重要的东西
but I think it's the most important business idea that people don't understand.
但一定是人们不理解的最重要的商业内幕
That there are just these two kinds of businesses.
只有两种类型的公司
And so let me say a little bit about the lies that people tell.
我来讲一下他们撒的谎
And so you basically, the basic, if you sort of imagine that
大家看一下这个图
there was a spectrum of companies from perfect competition to monopoly
这个图表示了公司从完全竞争到垄断的整个范围
The apparent differences are quite small.
表面区别并不大
Because the people who have monopolies pretend not to.
因为垄断的公司通常假装自己并不垄断
They will basically say, and it's because you don't want to get regulated by the government,
他们会说因为我不想被政府监管
you don't want the government to come after you.
不想被政府找上门来
So you will never say that you have a monopoly.
因此永远也不能说我是垄断的
So, anyone who has a monopoly will pretend that they're in incredible competition.
因此，垄断的公司都会假装他们处于激烈的竞争中
And on the other end of the spectrum, if you are incredibly competitive,
在另外一边，如果公司处于激烈竞争中
and if you're in some sort of business will you will never make any money.
并且你的公司不怎么赚钱
You will be tempted to tell a lie that goes in the other direction.
你通常会撒谎说
Where you will say that you're doing something unique that is somehow less competitive than it looks.
你做的东西非常独特，并没有看起来那么竞争激烈
Because you will want to differentiate, you will want to track capital or something like that.
因为你想要和其他公司有所区分，这样才能吸引投资之类的东西
So, if the monopolists pretend not to have a monopolies the non-monopolists pretend to have monopolies.
因此，垄断的公司掩饰自己的垄断，无法垄断的公司则拼命假装垄断
The apparent difference is very small.
中间的差异就变小了
Where as the real difference I would submit is actually quite big.
但他们之间的实际差异是挺大的
