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Nora Volkow: You could make a case that people become addicted to the lifestyle, because their brain has started to respond to the lifestyle and that is their environment, their friends, their situations.
沃尔·科夫诺拉：你可以做出解释，人们之所以沉迷于某种生活方式，是因为他们的大脑已经开始回应这种生活方式，那就是是他们的环境、他们的朋友、他们的处境。
Narrator: Her team sets up an experiment to test the theory.
旁白：她的研究小组建立了一个实验来检验这个理论。
Volunteers are placed in a PET scanner, and shown images of people preparing and snorting lines of cocaine.
志愿者被放置入PET扫描仪，显示准备和吸食可卡因的人的图像。
Incredibly, the images alone significantly increase the dopamine levels in the brains of users.
令人难以置信的是，图像显示只有吸毒者大脑内的多巴胺水平显著升高。
Nora Volkow: When we expose them with stimuli that have been linked with drugs, what we observe is that a significant increase in dopamine signaling in those areas of the brain that drives the motivation of your behavior.
诺拉·沃尔科夫：当我们暴露于因毒品导致的刺激时，我们所观察到的是在那些大脑区域中传导信号的多巴胺水平显著升高而那些区域负责驱动你的行为。
Narrator: Dr. Volkow's research is revolutionary, it shows cocaine is so addictive that simply showing images of its use is enough to increase their dopamine levels and lead them into relapse.
旁白：沃尔科夫博士的研究是革命性的，它说明可卡因的成瘾性如此之大，简单的大脑扫描图像结果就显示吸食它足以升高他们的多巴胺水平，并导致复吸。
Nora Volkow: People can go to a detoxification program, they do very well, they go out into the neighborhoods where they are used to taking the drug and they relapse.
诺拉·沃尔科夫：人们可以去参加戒毒计划，他们表现的很好，他们出来后又回到邻里之间，在那里他们习惯了吸毒，然后他们复吸了。
And they relapse exactly because of these effects on the memory systems.
他们复吸只是因为这些作用还存在于记忆系统。
So they say, I'm not going to take the drug, I'm not going to, I'm not going to, I'm not going to, I'm not going to and before they even realize it, the drug is already in their mouths, or they're smoking it.
所以他们说，我不打算吸食毒品了，我不会了，我不会了，我不会了，我不会了，甚至在他们意识到前，毒品已经入口了，或者他们正在抽。
Narrator: Law enforcement treats cocaine users as criminals rather than people suffering from a disease.
旁白：执法系统将可卡因吸食者视作罪犯，而不是遭受疾病折磨的人。
Over the past ten years, the government has repeatedly slashed funding for drug rehabilitation programs and increased funding for prisons.
在过去的十年里，政府屡次削减戒毒计划经费，并增加监狱经费。
The result: a million Americans are imprisoned on drug related charges, costing the American taxpayer $12.5 billion a year.
结果：一百万美国人因毒品类指控而入狱，每年要花费美国纳税人125亿美元。
Prof Volkow believes the government's approach of criminalizing and imprisoning drug users without proper treatment is misguided.
沃尔科夫教授认为政府对吸毒者不进行适当的治疗就定罪和监禁的手段是错误的。
Nora Volkow: When you just take a person that's addicted and push them in jail and you don't give them treatment, you can guarantee that that person will relapse within a few weeks of actually leaving, the jail, no matter how long they've been there.
诺拉·沃尔科夫：如果你只是抓住一个吸毒者，把他投进监狱，而不对其进行治疗，你可以确定那个人在离开监狱后几周内复吸，无论他们已在监狱呆了多久。
With no drug exposure, if you don't treat they will immediately relapse for drug taking.
即便没有毒品接触，如果你不对其进行治疗，他们会立刻复吸毒品。
But very importantly, they'll end up re-incarcerated pretty soon.
但非常重要的是，不久，他们最终会重新入狱。
