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Japanese pirates were a constant problem
然而 日本海盗猖獗
not only for Chinese and Korean traders, but for the Japanese as well.
中国、朝鲜乃至日本的商人不胜其扰
At that time, Japan was also ravaged by civil wars.
同时 日本国内混战
Subsequently, the Ming Dynasty which ruled from 1358 to 1644
为此 明朝政府在1385年-1644年
decreed that Ningbo was the only port where Japanese-Chinese trading could took place.
下令规定宁波为中日贸易唯一港口
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
丰臣秀吉
was one of the great unifiers of Japan.
是日本统一的三位英杰之一
He wanted to conquer China,
他觊觎中国
when Korea, at that time, a vassal state of China
那时朝鲜是明朝政府的藩国
refused to permit Japan passage through that territory,
朝鲜拒绝日本从其领土进入中国
Toyotomi Hideyoshi invaded Korea and eventually Manchuria in 1592.
丰臣秀吉侵略朝鲜 并最终于1592年进入满洲
But the Japanese were unable to keep their supply lines open
但由于朝鲜民兵不断挫败他们
because Korean guerrilla forces continued disrupting them
日本没法保持供给线畅通
Subsequently, the Japanese were forced to accept the truth in 1593.
不得已 日本于1593年接受事实
It lasted about 4 years after which the Yoshi once again attacked.
四年后 好景不长 丰臣秀吉再次发起侵略
This time the Chinese and Koreans
此时中朝早已整装待发
were well-prepared and again defeated Japan.
再一次击退日本
The frustrated Japanese troops retreated from the Korean peninsula
气馁的日本军队从朝鲜半岛撤退
obliterating cities and slaughtering civilians as they went.
所到之处 毁尸灭迹 屠杀百姓
In 1633,
1633年
in order to once-for-all ward off foreign influences in Japan,
日本采取闭关锁国政策
the Tokugawa Shogunate decided to abolish all international trade
德川幕府废弃国际贸易 杜绝一切国外往来
and have no more direct links with the outside world.
日本与外界毫无联系
In China, defending Hideyoshi second invasion
而在中国 丰臣秀吉的第二次侵略
had drained the treasury of the Ming Dynasty
也已让明政府国库亏空
and left the vulnerable against the Manchus
徒剩残兵游勇对抗满族人
who eventually ended the Ming Dynasty and established the Qing Dynasty in 1644.
最终 满族人推翻明政府 于1644年建立了清政府
