1. Fortress：堡垒

2. Solitude：独居

3. actenuous：薄的

4. grasp：理解，领会

5. folksy：友好的

6. intoxicating：醉人的

7. aroma：芳香

8. culinary：烹饪的

9. not only...but also... 用法

1) not only … but also 应连接两个相对称的并列成分。例如：　　
Not only Mr Lin but also his son joined the Party two years ago. （连接两个主语）　　
I not only play tennis but also practise shooting. （连接两个谓语动词）　　　　

2) not only … but also 连接两个分句，并且 not only 位于句首时，第一个分句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。例如：　　Not only does the sun give us light but also it gives us heat.　　Not only did he speak English correctly， but also he speaks it fluently.　　Not only is this young man clever but also he is hardworking.　　

3) not only … but also 不能用在否定句中。例如：　　
误： They don't fear not only hardship but also death.　　
正： They fear neither hardship nor death.　　
正： They don't fear either hardship or death.　　

4) not only … but also 连接两个主语时，谓语动词要和与其最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。例如：　　
Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan. / Not only the teacher but also the students were against the plan.　　

5) not only … but also 中的 not only 不能分开使用，但 but also 却可以分开使用。例如：　
The area was not only hit by an unexpected heavy rain， but some bridges were also washed away.　　

6) not only … but also 连接两个并列成分时，可以省略 but 或 also ，也可以把 but also 都省略掉。例如：　　
I not only heard it but (also) saw it.　　
He was not only compelled to stay at home, (but) also forbidden to see his friend.　

10. loathe：厌恶

11. helping：（食物的）一份

12. blister：水疱

13. paneer：印度式奶酪

14. render：vt. 提供，使成为
We are going to render them economic assistance.
我们打算向他们提供经济援助。
His back injury had rendered him unfit for work.
他的背伤使他无法胜任这份工作。

【词义辨析】
make, cause, get, have, render,
make: 普通用词，指强迫或劝诱他人做某事。
cause: 正式用词，侧重指使某事发生的原因。
get: 侧重指劝某人做某事，或指使某事物处于某种状态或产生某种结果。
have: 普通用词，指让某人做某事。
render: 书面用词，多指因外界因素而使某人或某物处于某种状态。

【词语用法】
1) render解释为“使成为”时，后面可以跟宾语和表语。
The weather rendered the trip difficult.
2) rrender的宾语后不能带to的不定式。
The weather rendered the trip to be difficult.

15. uninhabitable：不适宜居住的