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经济学人:家中安息家庭援助

时间:2015-11-19 18:14:40 编辑:mike 可可英语APP下载 | 可可官方微信:ikekenet

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Britain Dying at home Home help The government wants you to have a comfortable (and cheap) death
英国家中安息家庭援助政府愿您安乐（又经济）的告别人世

DEATH comes to all, but some are more sure of its timing, and can make plans.
每个人都会死，但是有些人却更加清楚自己何时会死，且可以提前做好计划。

Kate Granger, a 32-year-old doctor suffering from an incurable form of sarcoma, has very strong ambitions for her last hours.
32岁的凯特·格兰格是一位医生，却身患无法治愈的恶性肿瘤，她对自己剩下的时间有巨大的野心。

She plans to avoid hospital emergency departments and die at her parents' house—music playing, candles glowing, family by her side.
她不打算死在医院的急诊室，而是她父母的房子——音乐为歌，烛光为舞，亲人相伴。

Surveys show that over two-thirds of Britons would like to die at home.
调查显示，三分之二的英国人都意欲在家面对死亡。

Like Dr Granger, they want to be with family and free of pain.
就像格兰格医生一样，他们想在亲人身边，免受病痛折磨。

Yet hospital remains the most common place of death.
然而医院仍旧是死神降临最常见的地方。

For some this is unavoidable—not every disease has as clear a turning point as cancer—but for others a lack of planning is to blame.
这在某种程度上是不可避免的—不是每种疾病都像癌症一样有一个明显的转折点—但是对其他疾病来说，缺乏规划则应负主要责任。

The government, motivated by both compassion and thrift, wants to help.
在同情心和节俭理念共同的驱使下，政府需要伸出援助之手。

In death, at least, public wishes align neatly with the state's desire to save money.
至少在面对死亡时，公众的愿望刚好和国家想要省钱的愿望结合在一起。

The NHS has calculated that if roughly one more patient per general practitioner died outside hospital each year, it would save 180m ($295m).
英国国民健康保险制度已经大致计算出，如果每年每个普通医师医治的病人在原来的基础上增加一个选择死在医院外面，就会节省1.8亿英镑（约合2.95亿美元）。

In 2008 it introduced a broad end-of-life care strategy, which sought to increase awareness of how people die while improving care.
2008年，国家介绍了一个大范围的临终关怀方案，意欲在提升护理的同时增加人们对如何死亡的认知。

Since then the proportion of people dying at home or in care homes (the split is about half-and-half between them) has increased, from 38% to 44%.
自那时起，选择死在家里或者老人院的人数（以上两种情况大约五五开）已经从38%增加到了44%。

To steer patients away from hospitals, general practitioners have been encouraged to find their 1%—those patients likely to die in the next year—and start talking about end-of-life care.
为了引导病人们出院，普通医师已经开始鼓励找到那1%即将在下一年离世的病人，并且开始对他们采取临终护理。

This can be difficult for doctors.
对医生来说这很困难。

As a profession we view death as failure, says Dr Granger.
格兰格说作为医生，我们将死亡看做失败。

Yet when there is no cure to be had, planning for death can be therapeutic for patients.
即使没有什么治疗方法，为死亡做好充分的计划对病患来说也是有益的。

Those who do plan ahead are much more likely to have their wishes met.
提前计划的人更有机会实现愿望。

A growing number of patients have electronic palliative-care co-ordination systems,
越来越多的病人都有了电子疗养协调系统，

which allow doctors to register personal preferences so that other care providers can follow them.
这使得医生可以把个人喜好输入系统，其他疗养提供者可以按医生嘱咐执行。

A paramedic called to a patient's home would know of a do-not-resuscitate order, for example.
比如说护理人员给病人家里打电话，会了解到他们不愿再接受治疗的愿望。

One study showed that such systems increase the number of people dying in their homes.
一调查显示，这个系统增加了在家死亡的人数。

But savings for the government may mean costs for charities and ordinary folk.
但政府的存款可能要支付慈善机构和普通人的花费。

At the end of life it is not always clear who should pay for what.
生命走到尽头，谁应该为什么付钱并不明了。

Although Britons can get ordinary health care without paying out of pocket, social care is means-tested.
虽然英国人可以不用掏腰包就获得普通的医疗保健，社会福利仍然有待检验。

People must often shell out for carers or care homes—or look after the terminally ill themselves.
人们必须为照护者或者养老院付钱—或者亲自照顾末期病患。

Disputes crop up over trivial things, like responsibility for the cost of a patient's bath.
在小事上经常出现纠纷，比如病患洗澡的费用该由谁承担。

A bill now trundling through Parliament would cap the cost of an individual's social care.
一项通过议会的议案可以覆盖个人社会福利的费用。

Still, some want it to be free for those on end-of-life registries.
仍有一些人希望那些生命即将走到尽头的人可以获得免费的社会福利。

That would cut into the government's savings—but allow more people to die as they want.
这将会直接减少政府储蓄—但也会让更多人以自己想要的方式告别人世。译者：张丹校对：周雨晴

扫描二维码进行跟读打分训练

1.want to 想要

例句:Do ring if you want to talk about it.
你要是想谈谈，一定给我打电话。

2.suffer from 遭受

例句:Mothers also suffer from the same sewage-borne infections that so often kill their babies, made endemic by the primitive sanitation in much of the country, Ms. Coffey said.
科菲表示，母亲们也会罹患通过污水传播的疾病，她们的孩子经常死于这些疾病。这种疾病广为传播的原因是印度大部分地区的卫生条件非常原始。

3.plan to 计划

例句:Pointing at a sketch map, he explained the long-term plan to the visitors.
他指着示意图给来宾讲解远景规划。

4.lack of 缺乏

例句:You can't fault them for lack of invention.
你不能因为他们缺乏创新就指责他们。

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重点单词		查看全部解释
sketch	[sketʃ]	想一想再看 n. 素描，草图，概述，梗概 v. 速写，草拟
register	['redʒistə]	想一想再看 v. 记录，登记，注册，挂号 n. 暂存器，记	联想记忆 X 单词register 联想记忆： re再次+gister=carry,bring带来，产生→再次带来→[学员]注册，登记
therapeutic	[.θerə'pju:tik]	想一想再看 adj. 治疗的	联想记忆 X 单词therapeutic 联想记忆： therap＝therapy（n 治疗），eutic－治疗的
trivial	['triviəl]	想一想再看 adj. 琐碎的，不重要的	联想记忆 X 单词trivial 联想记忆： tri三，vial：三流的－琐碎的
avoid	[ə'vɔid]	想一想再看 vt. 避免，逃避	联想记忆 X 单词avoid 联想记忆： a朝向，void空－空城计－避开
sanitation	[.sæni'teiʃən]	想一想再看 n. 环境卫生(卫生设备，下水道设备)	联想记忆 X 单词sanitation 联想记忆：读：撒你tation－撒你一身的尿－需要采取卫生措施
unavoidable	[.ʌnə'vɔidəbl]	想一想再看 adj. 不可避免的
practitioner	[præk'tiʃənə]	想一想再看 n. 从业者	联想记忆 X 单词practitioner 联想记忆：源于：practice（v /n 实践）
blame	[bleim]	想一想再看 n. 过失，责备 vt. 把 ... 归咎于，	联想记忆 X 单词blame 联想记忆：其实是先出现的blaspheme（v 亵渎，辱骂），然后才有的blame，balme是由blaspheme演化而来的。
strategy	['strætidʒi]	想一想再看 n. 战略，策略