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经济学人:养老金随用随取的钱罐

时间:2015-10-08 17:09:19 编辑:mike 可可英语APP下载 | 可可官方微信:ikekenet

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Britain Pensions Pot luck
英国养老金随用随取的钱罐

The chancellor hands more freedom to retirees
财政大臣给予退休人员更多的自由

GET out those cruise brochures—retirees may soon be going on a spending spree.
现在出现了那种旅行宣传册—退休人员可能很快过上肆意狂欢的生活。

Historically, most Britons with personal pensions and those in so-called defined-contribution schemes have been forced to use their pension pots to buy an annuity
回首过去，大多数拥有个人退休金的英国人和那些所谓的界定供款计划（即雇主或雇员将资金投入某个计划，由基金管理人员利用此投资进行市场运作）的参与者，

a product paying a (normally fixed) income for the rest of their lives.
都被强制去用他们的退休金购买年金—是一种定期投入资金并且终生可定期领取一定金额的计划。

These have never been popular.
但这些并不被大众接受，

Money invested in an annuity is locked away and cannot be passed on to the retiree's heirs.
因为用于年金投资的钱都是被限制的，子女并不能作为接受者。

Recently, low interest rates and longer lifespans have caused annuity rates to fall sharply.
而近期，低利率和较长的使用期使得年金利率大幅下降。

Last month the Financial Conduct Authority, Britain's regulator, concluded that the annuity market is not working well for consumers.
英国的监管机构—金融服务监督局，于上月宣布年金计划和消费者相处的并不融洽。

Few anticipated George Osborne's sweeping response.
几乎没有人预料到乔治?奥斯本的全面响应。

In his budget speech, the chancellor outlined a plan to do away with the requirement to buy an annuity and all the arcane rules that accompany it.
在这位财政大臣的预算中，提出了一个废除任何购买年金以及与年金相关的计划。

Retirees will be free to draw down their pension pot as they like, subject to paying tax at their marginal rate.
在他们以边际税率来缴税限制下，退休人员可以自由减少退休金的入资。

That will bring Britain into line with other countries including America, Australia and Denmark.
这一举措使得英国与美国、澳大利亚和丹麦等国家面临同一处境。

It may prove a popular idea, but is it a good one?
这可能是一个大众喜闻乐见的决策，但这是否是一个明智的决策呢？

Pensions get generous tax treatment to encourage people to provide for retirement;
养老金得到了慷慨的税收优惠待遇，这促进了人们积极为退休做准备；

if they blow their pension pot on a Maserati, they may end up as wards of the state, particularly in their later years when many will need expensive care in nursing homes.
但如果他们肆意挥霍他们的退休金，他们可能会在国家的病房中结束一生，特别是当他们在晚年可能需要昂贵的医疗护理。

The government reckons that most people can be trusted to make sensible decisions
政府相信大部分人能作出明智的选择

(although it is also proposing that they be given advice when they retire).
（尽管它还提议，当他们退休时可以提出建议）。

But that view sits oddly with its other policies.
但是相比于政府的其他政策，这种看法似乎处于一个尴尬的位置。

Many workers are now auto-enrolled in pension plans, on the basis that they are too apathetic to provide for their futures voluntarily.
现在很多工人在养老金计划中自发登记，因为他们对于他们的自由的未来是麻木的。

Do people suddenly acquire wisdom when they retire, perhaps?
也许，人们在其退休之时能突然醒悟？

The change will have wide-ranging consequences, not least for the insurance companies that sell annuities, several of which saw sharp share-price plunges.
这个变化产生的结果将会有深远影响，尤其是那些出售年金的保险公司，其中一些保险公司意识到了股票价格的狂跌。

To the extent that pensioners do take more of their pension pot upfront, the government will get tax revenues earlier than before;
由于领养老金的人总是提前领取养老金，政府征收税收收入将比以前不断提早；

the boost may be worth 1.2 billion (2 billion) by the 2018-19 financial year.
根据2018-2019年的财政年度，这个增值将会达到12亿英镑（20亿美元）。

But there are dangers for the state too.
但是对于国家来说还是存有风险。

Public employees such as doctors and teachers are covered by final-salary schemes, under which the government guarantees to pay them a retirement income.
公务人员，例如医生和教师，他们是被最终薪金计划涵盖在内的，在该计划中，政府承诺支付他们的退休收入。

These pensions are funded on a pay-as-you-go basis, meaning the Treasury has put no money aside to cover them.
这些养老金是在现收现付（即由在职职工承担已退休职工的社会保障成本；支付给退休者的社会保障资金是直接来自该时点的在职劳动者负担的社会保障费用）的基础上提供的。

If public-sector workers decided to transfer their money into a private pension pot, to take advantage of the new freedom,
如果公共部门的工人们享受这个新的自由，决定将他们的资金转移至一个私人的养老金存储地方，

the Treasury would have to cough up the cash immediately;
那么财政部就不得不马上返还资金；

the government is proposing to deny public-sector workers that right.
政府正提议否决公共部门工人们的这项权利。

The same worry applies to private-sector final-salary schemes, which might suddenly face a cash drain if workers opt to convert.
私营部门的最终薪金计划同样有这样的担忧之处，因为当工人选择去转变的时候它可能会很突然的面对资金外流这种状况。

Such pension schemes are big investors in government bonds, and the switch might make it more difficult to fund Britain's deficit.
这种养老金计划是政府债券的大投资者，并且一旦发生转换，为英国的赤字提供资金将会难上加难。

So private-sector workers in final-salary schemes may also lose their right to transfer.
因此，在最终薪金计划中的私营部门工人也可能会失去他们变换的权利。

Freedom for some retirees will thus come at the price of restrictions on others.
如此一来，一些退休人员的自由将会以他人的限制作为代价。译者：张娣校对：邵林

扫描二维码进行跟读打分训练

1.interest rate 利率；利息

例句:Interest-rate cuts have failed to bring about economic recovery.
利率下调没有带来经济复苏。

2.plan to 打算；计划

例句:Both chambers plan to vote on that policy before January 15th.
两院都打算在1月15日前对那一政策进行投票表决。

3.provide for 为…提供；供养

例句:Elaine wouldn't let him provide for her.
伊莱恩不愿让他养活自己。

4.end up 结束；告终

例句:We will end up living in a society where life is cheap.
我们最终将生活在一个视人命为儿戏的社会。

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重点单词		查看全部解释
convert	['kɔnvə:t,kən'və:t]	想一想再看 v. 变换，(使)转变，使 ... 改变信仰，倒置，兑换	联想记忆 X 单词convert 联想记忆： con共同+vert转→共同转→转化；改造
boost	[bu:st]	想一想再看 vt. 推进，提高，增加 n. 推进，增加	联想记忆 X 单词boost 联想记忆： boo读：不，st＝ST一种比较面的股票。既然不是ST，股价就可以增加，提高。
arcane	[ɑ:'kein]	想一想再看 adj. 神秘的，秘密的，鲜为人知的	联想记忆 X 单词arcane 联想记忆： 1）arcan秘密－神秘的。参：arcanum（n 秘密，万灵药）2）arca拱。一般来说，拱形的人都是神秘的，带着斗笠，低着头，弯着腰，不让别人看见自己的脸。
popular	['pɔpjulə]	想一想再看 adj. 流行的，大众的，通俗的，受欢迎的	联想记忆 X 单词popular 联想记忆： popul人民+ar…的→流行的
budget	['bʌdʒit]	想一想再看 n. 预算 vt. 编预算，为 ... 做预算
apathetic	[.æpə'θetik]	想一想再看 adj. 缺乏感情的，缺乏兴趣的，无动于衷的，冷淡的	联想记忆 X 单词apathetic 联想记忆： a无+pathet感情+ic表形容词，“…的”→冷漠的
marginal	['mɑ:dʒinəl]	想一想再看 adj. 边际的，末端的，仅以微弱多数获胜的，微小的
authority	[ə'θɔ:riti]	想一想再看 n. 权力，权威，职权，官方，当局
generous	['dʒenərəs]	想一想再看 adj. 慷慨的，宽宏大量的，丰盛的，味浓的	联想记忆 X 单词generous 联想记忆： gener出生，产生+ous→[不断]产生→丰富的，慷慨的
treasury	['treʒəri]	想一想再看 n. 国库，宝库 (大写)财政部，国债