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1.subsidiary n．子公司(a company wholly controlled by another)；a．附属的（affiliated）
联想记忆：sub（在下面）+sid（坐）+iary--坐在下面的公司--子公司
例：a subsidiary of a Chicago firm 一家芝加哥公司的子公司
2.subsidize v.补助，资助(to furnish with a subsidy)
例：Government has proposed 2 million dollars to subsidize private medical schools.
派生词：subsidization(n．补助，资助)
3.subsidy n.津贴，补助(a grant or gift of money)
联想记忆：sub(下面)+sid(坐)+y--坐在下面领补助--津贴，补助
例：This company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad.
4.subsistence n．生存，生计(the minimum as of food and shelter necessary to support life)
词根记忆：来自subsist(v.生存)
例：Peasants living in the mountain areas were barely able to ensure their own subsistence.//subsistence farming自给农业
5.substance n.实质(essence)；物质(material)
词根记忆：sub（下面）+stan(站)+ce--站在下面的--实质
例：The teacher discussed the substance of the author's works.//An antigen is a substance foreign to the organism's body.
6.substantial a.实际的(real);大量的(ample)
词根记忆：来自substance(n．实质;物质)
例：substantial increase实际增长//That small company made substantial investments in new plants, staff and equipment.
派生词：substantially( ad.大量地)
7.substantiate v.证实，证明（to verify）
词根记忆：sub(下面)+stant(站)+iate--可以立足的--证实
例：The researchers substantiated their figures with census data.
派生词：unsubstantiated(a．未证实的，无根据的)
8.substitute n.代替品(a person or thing that takes the place or function of another);v.(for)代替．替代(to replace)
词根记忆：sub(下面)+stitute(建立)--可以放在下面来用的--代替品
例：No acceptable substitute for this material exists.//Some governments substituted living allowances for their employees' paychecks.
派生词：substitution(n．代替；替代)
9.substitution n.代替(replacement of one mathematical entity by another of equal value);替代物(one that is substituted for another)
词根记忆：来自substitute(v.替代)
例：Their substitution for more traditional fertilizers may accelerate soil structure deterioration and soil erosion.
同根词：institute(v.制定，建想立)
vt. 加速，提前，跳级
vi. 加速
