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科学美国人60秒:火星风可以传播搭便车的微生物

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  • This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata.
  • 这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列,我是克里斯托弗·因塔格里塔。
  • The Curiosity Rover was never fully sterilized before it touched down on Mars.
  • “好奇”号火星探测器在着陆火星前从未进行过彻底消毒。
  • And there's been debate whether the rover drill might contaminate certain subsurface areas thought to potentially harbor life.
  • 关于探测器勘探是否会污染某些被认为可能存在生命的地下区域,一直存在争议。
  • But it turns out the rover may not need to physically drive somewhere to pollute that spot with Earth's microbes.
  • 但结果发现,探测器可能无需开到某个地方,用地球上的微生物污染那个地方。
  • Because if there are any tiny earthlings on the rover,
  • 因为如果探测器上存在任何微小的地球生物,
  • the strong winds on Mars might be able to spread them around the Red Planet instead.
  • 那火星上的强风可能会将它们传播到这颗红色星球的各个地方。
  • "Wind storms are very common on Mars even on the planetary scale.
  • “在火星上,行星规模的风暴非常常见。
  • So you have one point of contamination, and given the proper conditions,
  • 因此,如果有一个污染点,那在适当条件下,
  • you could disperse whatever you were carrying there to distant places."
  • 你可以将你携带的任何东西扩散到遥远的地方。”
  • Armando Azua-Bustos, a research scientist at the Center for Astrobiology at the Superior Council of Scientific Research in Spain.
  • 西班牙高等科学研究委员会天体生物学中心的研究科学家阿尔曼多·阿苏瓦-巴斯托斯说到。
  • Azua-Bustos is now more certain that such spread might be possible because of an experiment his team carried out in Chile's Atacama Desert—
  • 阿苏瓦-巴斯托斯现在更加确定这种传播是可能的,因为他的团队在智利阿塔卡马沙漠进行了实验,
  • the conditions of which make it a popular Mars analogue.
  • 该沙漠的条件与火星类似。
  • There, his team placed petri dishes along two paths cutting from the coast into the driest parts of the Atacama.
  • 在那里,他的团队从海岸线切出通往阿塔卡马沙漠最干旱地区的两条路,并沿两条路放置了培养皿。
  • One path was 30 miles long; the other 40 miles long.
  • 一条路长30英里,另一条路长40英里。
  • They waited for winds to deliver coastal dust to the petri dishes. Then they grew whatever landed.
  • 他们等待风将沿海的尘土吹到培养皿里。之后他们会把任何落下来的东西都种起来。
  • On both paths, they found a multitude of viable bacterial and fungal species,
  • 他们在两条路上都发现了大量可存活的细菌和真菌,
  • which suggests that microbes are indeed able to fly over the driest and most UV-blasted desert on Earth in just a matter of hours—and arrive unharmed.
  • 这表明微生物确实能在几小时内飞越地球上最干旱、紫外线照射最强烈的沙漠,而且毫发无损地到达。
  • The details are in the journal Scientific Reports.
  • 研究详情发表在《科学报告》期刊上。
  • The researchers say wind could therefore be a way to easily contaminate another planet with Earth microbes if spacecraft aren't sterilized—
  • 研究人员表示,如果宇宙飞船没有消毒,风可以轻松地用地球上的微生物污染另一颗行星,
  • or a way for Martian life in once-fertile areas to hitchhike to others by flying on dust in the wind.
  • 或是让火星上曾经富饶地区的生命搭便车去其他地方,乘着风中的尘土飞扬。
  • Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
  • 谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。


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重点讲解:
1. touch down 降落;着陆;
Spacecraft Columbia touched down yesterday.
“哥伦比亚”号宇宙飞船昨天着陆9o5_[CdG1M~ZiazIrT
2. turn out 结果发现;
Cosgrave's forecast turned out to be quite wrong.
科斯格雷夫的预测最后证明是大错特错P=vq7.XA5_B
3. because of 因为;由于;
Many families break up because of a lack of money.
许多家庭由于缺钱而破裂2~)+Qr7dsT+8_5HAwhI
4. carry out 实施;执行;实行;
Frank was carrying out fuel-system tests which necessitated turning the booster pumps off.
弗兰克在做燃料系统测试,这一测试需要关掉升压泵d-sj+6U,;c

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重点单词   查看全部解释    
scale [skeil]

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n. 鳞,刻度,衡量,数值范围
v. 依比例决

 
contamination [kən.tæmi'neiʃən]

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n. 污染,污染物

 
popular ['pɔpjulə]

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adj. 流行的,大众的,通俗的,受欢迎的

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debate [di'beit]

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n. 辩论,讨论
vt. 争论,思考

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superior [su:'piəriə]

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n. 上级,高手,上标
adj. 上层的,上好

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certain ['sə:tn]

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adj. 确定的,必然的,特定的
pron.

 
planetary ['plænitəri]

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adj. 行星的,有轨道的

 
species ['spi:ʃiz]

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n. (单复同)物种,种类

 
potentially [pə'tenʃəli]

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adv. 潜在地

 
frank [fræŋk]

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adj. 坦白的,直率的,真诚的
vt. 免费

 

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