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科学美国人60秒:恒温动物失去了心脏愈合能力

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  • This is Scientific American's 60-second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata.
  • 这里是科学美国人——60秒科学系列,我是克里斯托弗·因塔格里塔。
  • It sounds like a witches' recipe: gather the hearts of a fence lizard; a little brown bat; a naked-tailed armadillo; and dozens of others.
  • 收集篱蜥、小棕蝠、裸尾犰狳和几十种其它动物的心脏——这听起来像是女巫的药方。
  • "So initially we tried to get them from zoos... but unfortunately that didn't work out very well.
  • “因此,一开始我们曾试图从动物园得到这些心脏样本……但不幸的是这不太可行。
  • We couldn't get any samples, even when the animal died, we couldn't get a heart."
  • 我们无法得到任何样本,即使动物死亡,我们也拿不到心脏。”
  • Guo Huang, a developmental biologist at the University of California, San Francisco.
  • 加州大学旧金山分校的发育生物学家黄果说到。
  • He says they had more success obtaining specimens from the jars of natural history museums.
  • 他表示,他们从自然历史博物馆的罐子里成功获得了标本。
  • The reason for this biological scavenger hunt?
  • 为何要进行这种生物寻宝游戏?
  • Huang and his colleagues wanted to examine the number of chromosomes contained in heart cells across the animal kingdom.
  • 黄果及其同事想检查整个动物界心脏细胞中的染色体数量。
  • Because there's a curious phenomenon in our hearts—which is that most of the human body's cells are diploid,
  • 因为我们的心脏有种奇怪现象——人体细胞大多是二倍体细胞,
  • meaning two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
  • 即人体内有两套分别来自父母的染色体。
  • But the lion's share of our heart cells are actually polyploid, meaning two or more copies from mom, two or more copies from dad.
  • 但我们心脏细胞的大部分是多倍体,也就是说从父亲或母亲处遗传到两套或两套以上的染色体。
  • What Huang and his team found, looking at that collection of hearts,
  • 黄果及其团队通过观察这些心脏发现,
  • is that the proportion of polyploid cells in a heart goes up as you go from fish to lizards to amphibians to transitional species like platypuses, to mammals.
  • 从鱼类到蜥蜴、两栖动物、鸭嘴兽等过渡物种,直至哺乳动物,心脏中多倍体细胞的比例逐渐增加。
  • The reason that finding might matter to us, is that recent studies in mice and zebrafish have shown that
  • 这一发现或许对我们很重要的原因是,最近对老鼠和斑马鱼进行的研究表明,
  • hearts with more diploid cells—like a zebrafish's—are able to regenerate and heal themselves.
  • 像斑马鱼等拥有更多二倍体心脏细胞的动物,其心脏能再生和自我治愈。
  • Hearts with more polyploid cells—like mice and humans—cannot.
  • 而像老鼠和人类等拥有更多多倍体细胞的心脏,则不能再生和自愈。
  • So what makes a heart have more polyploid cells, and thus, less chance of regenerating?
  • 为什么心脏拥有更多多倍体细胞,再生的几率反而减少了呢?
  • "That's actually the million-dollar question."
  • “这真是一个价值连城的问题。”
  • But one answer Huang's team found, is that thyroid hormone—
  • 但黄果的团队发现的一个原因是:甲状腺激素可能是罪魁祸首,
  • the same hormone that regulates metabolism and makes us warm-blooded creatures—might be to blame.
  • 甲状腺激素是调节新陈代谢、使我们成为恒温动物的激素。
  • Because when they added extra thyroid hormone to zebrafish's tanks, their tiny hearts were no longer able to regenerate.
  • 因为当他们向斑马鱼鱼缸中加入额外的甲状腺激素时,斑马鱼的小心脏便不能再生了。
  • And, conversely, when they engineered mice to have hearts that were insensitive to thyroid hormone,
  • 相反,当他们改变老鼠的基因,使其心脏对甲状腺激素不敏感时,
  • the mouse hearts could regenerate back after injury.
  • 老鼠的心脏便可以受伤后再生。
  • "When we look at the heart function which is mainly measured by contract ability of the heart,
  • “当我们观察由心脏的收缩能力来衡量的心脏功能时,
  • we can see heart function improve over time after injury, while control mice cannot improve."
  • 我们发现心脏功能在受伤后会随着时间的推移而改善,但对照组老鼠的心脏功能却没有改善。”
  • The results are in the journal Science.
  • 这项研究结果发表在《科学》期刊上。
  • As for fixing human hearts? Perhaps manipulating thyroid hormone levels could be a start.
  • 那人类心脏能修复吗?也许可以从控制甲状腺激素水平开始。
  • "We know regulating thyroid hormone probably alone is not sufficient to cure heart disease,
  • “我们知道,仅仅控制甲状腺激素可能不足以治愈心脏疾病,
  • at least for promoting heart regeneration completely.
  • 至少不能完全促进心脏再生。
  • If we can figure out other major regulators of this process, we might be in a better shape."
  • 如果我们能找出这一过程的其他主要因素,那我们的身体状况可能会更好。”
  • Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
  • 谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。


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重点讲解:
1. work out (如期)发生;进展(顺利);
Things just didn't work out as planned.
事情根本没有按计划进行e|(enuQJG_X
2. the lion's share of sth. 最大(或最好)的一份;
Military and nuclear research have received the lion's share of public funding.
大部分公共资金都为军事与核研究所占;h5FkxyldM8@*]F
3. go up (价格、数量或水平)上涨,上升;
Prices have gone up 61 percent since deregulation.
价格自解除管制以来已经上涨了61%@y~|vObS.!iGT|4Rd
4. be insensitive to 不敏感的;感觉迟钝的;
In economic terms, addicts'cravings are inelasticthey are relatively insensitive to cost.
上瘾群体对烟草的渴望是不能适应一些经济条款的,因为他们对花费相对不敏感dyELUSd!A1T

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重点单词   查看全部解释    
blame [bleim]

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n. 过失,责备
vt. 把 ... 归咎于,

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military ['militəri]

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adj. 军事的
n. 军队

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regenerate [ri'dʒenərit]

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vt. 再生
adj. 再生的,复原的

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measured ['meʒəd]

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adj. 量过的,慎重的,基于标准的,有韵律的 动词me

 
lizard ['lizəd]

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n. 蜥蜴,蜥蜴皮

 
recipe ['resipi]

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n. 食谱,秘诀,药方

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inelastic [.ini'læstik]

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adj. 无弹性的,无伸缩性的

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curious ['kjuəriəs]

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adj. 好奇的,奇特的

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hormone ['hɔ:məun]

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n. 荷尔蒙,激素

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contained [kən'teind]

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adj. 泰然自若的,从容的;被控制的 v. 包含;遏制

 

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