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VOA慢速英语(翻译+字幕+讲解):科学家在北极雪中发现大量塑料颗粒

时间:2019-08-20 15:48:08 来源:可可英语编辑:aimee 可可英语APP下载 | 可可官方微信:ikekenet

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Scientists say they have found high levels of small plastic particles in Arctic snow.
科学家表示，他们在北极雪中发现了大量微塑料颗粒。

Their findings provide more evidence that plastic is entering Earth's atmosphere and traveling great distances around the planet.
他们的发现提供了更多证据，能证明塑料已进入地球大气层并在地球传播了相当远的距离。

A new report describing the discovery was published in Science Advances.
介绍这项发现的报告发表在《科学进展》期刊上。

A German-Swiss research team collected snow samples from the Arctic and other areas.
一个由德国和瑞士科学家组成的研究小组在北极及其他地区采集了雪样。

They included northern Germany, the Bavarian and Swiss Alps, and the North Sea island of Heligoland.
采样地区包括德国北部、巴伐利亚阿尔卑斯山脉和瑞士阿尔卑斯山脉以及北海的黑尔戈兰岛。

When the researchers examined the samples in a laboratory, they were surprised to find very high levels of microplastics.
当研究人员在实验室分析这些样本时，他们惊讶地发现其中微塑料的含量非常高。

Microplastics are very small pieces of plastic.
微塑料是非常小的塑料碎片。

These plastic particles are generally smaller than 5 millimeters in length.
这些塑料颗粒的直径通常小于5毫米。

Other studies have found microplastics in the environment.
其他研究已经在环境中发现了微塑料。

They come from the disposal and breakdown of man-made plastic products and industrial waste.
这些微塑料在人造塑料产品和工业废料经过处理和分解后产生。

Melanie Bergmann co-wrote the report on the new study.
梅兰妮·伯格曼共同撰写了这项新研究的报告。

She told The Associated Press that while her team did expect to find some microplastics in the samples,
她对美联社表示，虽然她的团队预料到会在样本中发现微塑料，

they were surprised by the very large amounts.
但他们还是对如此高的含量感到惊讶。

Bergmann is a researcher at the Alfred-Wegener-Institute in the German city of Bremerhaven.
伯格曼是德国不来梅哈芬市阿尔弗雷德韦格纳研究所的研究员。

The study found the highest levels of microplastics came from the Bavarian Alps.
这项研究发现，巴伐利亚阿尔卑斯山脉的微塑料含量最高。

One snow sample from the area had 154,000 microplastic particles per liter.
采集自该地区的一份雪样每升含有15.4万个微塑料颗粒。

Samples collected from the Arctic had much lower levels.
北极地区雪样的微塑料含量要低得多。

However, even samples from the Arctic contained up to 14,000 particles per liter, the study found.
然而，研究发现，即使是采自北极地区的雪样每升也含有多达1.4万个微塑料颗粒。

Earlier studies found signs of plastic in Arctic areas.
早期研究在北极地区发现了塑料的痕迹。

Those microplastics were found in coastal areas, sea ice, the seafloor and the seawater's surface.
那些微塑料发现于沿海地区、海冰、海底和海面。

The new study attempted to explore how some of the material could have been carried in the atmosphere.
这项新研究试图探究一些物质是如何被带进大气的。

A limited number of earlier studies did find microplastics in the air of some cities, including Paris, Tehran and Dongguan, China.
为数不多的早期研究的确在巴黎、德黑兰和中国东莞等城市的空气中发现了微塑料。

Bergmann said in a statement she believes the new study clearly shows
伯格曼在声明中表示，她认为这项新研究明确表明，

that "the majority of the microplastic in the snow comes from the air."
“雪中的大部分微塑料来自空气”。

She said this idea is supported by research that studied the atmospheric movement of pollen from plants.
她说，这个想法得到了植物花粉大气运动研究的支持。

In those studies, scientists confirmed pollen had traveled great distances to reach the Arctic.
在这些研究中，科学家证实花粉经长距离传播后抵达了北极。

Other studies found that dust particles — which are similar to microplastics —
其他研究发现，与微塑料类似的尘粒从撒哈拉沙漠传播了超过3500英里，

traveled more than 3,500 kilometers from the Sahara Desert to the northeast Atlantic.
最后到达大西洋东北部地区。

Bergmann said the new study suggests that much of the microplastic found in Europe and the Arctic comes from the atmosphere and snow.
伯格曼表示，这项新研究表明，欧洲和北极发现的大部分微塑料都来自大气和雪。

"This additional transport route could also explain the high amounts of microplastic that we've found in the Arctic sea ice and the deep sea in previous studies," she said.
她说：“这条额外的输送路线也可以解释早前研究在北极海冰和深海发现大量微塑料的原因。”

The research team discovered many kinds of microplastics.
这一研究小组发现了许多种微塑料。

Some were from paints commonly used to coat the surface of automobiles and ships.
其中一些微塑料来自通常用来喷涂汽车和轮船表面的涂料。

A rubber-like substance was also found that could have come from vehicle or boat parts or packaging materials, the report said.
该报告表示，他们还发现了一种类似橡胶的物质，这一物质可能来自车辆或船只零件，又或者是包装材料。

While there is growing concern about the effect of microplastics on the environment,
虽然人们越来越关注微塑料对环境造成的影响，

scientists are still studying their possible harmful effects on humans and animals.
但科学家仍在研究微塑料可能对人类和动物造成的有害影响。

Bergmann said she hopes the new study will lead to more research on this issue.
伯格曼表示，她希望这项新研究能引发针对这一问题的更多研究。

She also said she believes that microscopic plastic particles should be included in worldwide observations of air pollution levels.
她还表示，她认为应该将微塑料颗粒纳入全球空气污染水平监测中。

"We really need to know what effects microplastics have on humans, especially if inhaled with the air that we breathe," Bergmann said.
伯格曼表示：“我们真的需要知道微塑料会对人类造成哪些影响，尤其是我们通过呼吸空气将微塑料吸入身体后。”

I'm Bryan Lynn.
布莱恩·林恩报道。

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重点讲解：
1. up to 高达；多达；
Up to twenty thousand students paid between five and six thousand dollars.
多达20,000名学生支付了5,000到6,000美元1hb*L[!XaRS_。
2. attempt to do sth. 尝试，试图（尤指做困难的事）；
Do not attempt to repair this yourself.
不要试图自己修理这个东西hm_JRk1O,C-[eJXpj+。
3. be similar to 相像的；相仿的；类似的；
My teaching style is similar to that of most other teachers.
我的教学风格和多数教师相似B6d3==Z7Ny,yQ。
4. be included in 把…列为…的一部分；把…算入；
I had worked hard to be included in a project like this.
为参与这样的项目,我过去一直努力工作qf_KgHISCy*2。

dl6DWbRY7NE*A2IKqvrupV+vmu7HvO8V1z7

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重点单词		查看全部解释
plastic	['plæstik, plɑ:stik]	想一想再看 adj. 塑料的，可塑的，造型的，整形的，易受影响的
movement	['mu:vmənt]	想一想再看 n. 活动，运动，移动，[音]乐章	联想记忆 X 单词movement 联想记忆： move动+ment表名词,“行为或结果”→运动
confirmed	[kən'fə:md]	想一想再看 adj. 习惯的，积习的，确认过的，证实的动词conf
substance	['sʌbstəns]	想一想再看 n. 物质，实质，内容，重要性，财产	联想记忆 X 单词substance 联想记忆： sub下面+stance站，立→站在下面的东西→具体物质；本质
evidence	['evidəns]	想一想再看 n. 根据，证据 v. 证实，证明	联想记忆 X 单词evidence 联想记忆： e出+vid看+ence→[明显的证据]证据，证人
vehicle	['vi:ikl]	想一想再看 n. 车辆，交通工具，手段，工具，传播媒介	联想记忆 X 单词vehicle 联想记忆： veh带，icle东西－带人的东西－交通工具
microscopic	['maikrə'skɔpik]	想一想再看 adj. 显微镜的，极小的，微观的
atmospheric	[.ætməs'ferik]	想一想再看 adj. 大气的，大气层的，制造气氛的
route	[ru:t]	想一想再看 n. 路线，(固定)线路，途径 vt. 为 .
previous	['pri:vjəs]	想一想再看 adj. 在 ... 之前，先，前，以前的	联想记忆 X 单词previous 联想记忆： pne以前+vi路[引申为走]+ous→以前走过的→以前的