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VOA建国史话(翻译+字幕+讲解):杰斐逊中止与欧洲的贸易

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  • In the early eighteen hundreds, Britain and France were at war with each other. The United States remained neutral.
  • 19世纪初,英法两国交战。美国保持中立。
  • President Jefferson did not want to become involved in a war. He believed it would destroy all the progress he had made.
  • 杰斐逊总统不想卷入战争。他认为战争会毁掉目前取得的所有成绩。
  • His economic policies had helped to pay much of the national debt. And he was able to reduce taxes.
  • 杰斐逊的经济政策帮助美国偿还了大部分国家债务,还减少了税收。
  • Staying neutral was not easy, however. The United States was having trouble with Britain.
  • 然而,保持中立并不容易。美国和英国之间产生了矛盾。
  • For many years, Britain had been taking men by force to serve in its navy.
  • 多年来,英国海军一直强制征召士兵在海军服役。
  • The custom was called 'impressment.' Britain claimed the right to impress -- or seize -- any British citizen, anywhere.
  • 这叫做“强制征兵”。英国声称有权在任何地方强征英国公民入伍。
  • Conditions in the British navy were not good at that time, and many sailors deserted. Some went to work on American ships.
  • 当时英国海军条件并不好,许多水手开小差。一些人在美国船只上工作。
  • The American ships were stopped and searched in British waters.
  • 美国船只在英国水域遭到拦截和搜查。
  • Anyone born in Britain was seized. Several thousand sailors were taken off American ships during the early eighteen hundreds.
  • 在英国出生的人无论谁都会被扣押。19世纪早期,有几千名水手从美国船只上被抓走。
  • Sometimes, American citizens were taken by mistake.
  • 也有被误抓的美国人。
  • Impressment was one of two major problems the United States was having with Britain in the early eighteen hundreds.
  • 强制征兵是19世纪初美国和英国之间的两大主要问题之一。
  • The other problem was trade.
  • 另一大问题是贸易。
  • Britain wanted to stop the United States from trading with France and its colonies.
  • 英国希望阻止美国与法国及其殖民地进行贸易。
  • British warships blocked the port of New York all through the year eighteen-oh-five.
  • 1805年,英国军舰封锁了纽约港口。
  • No American ship could leave without being searched.
  • 美国船只出发前都要接受检查。
  • When goods for France were discovered, the ship was taken to Halifax on the coast of Canada.
  • 一旦发现发往法国的货物,船只就要被带到加拿大的哈利法克斯。
  • There, a British court had the power to seize the goods and force the ship's owners to pay a large amount of money.
  • 那里,英国法院有权扣押货物,并迫使船主支付一大笔钱。
  • President Jefferson protested this interference in American trade. He sent James Monroe to London to negotiate a treaty.
  • 杰斐逊总统对这种干涉美国贸易的行为提出抗议。他派詹姆斯·门罗前往伦敦谈判。
  • Jefferson wanted Britain to stop taking sailors from American ships, and to stop interfering in the trade of neutral nations.
  • 杰斐逊希望英国停止从美国船只上抓走船员,停止干涉中立国的贸易。
  • Monroe tried many times to discuss such an agreement. But the British foreign minister was always too busy to see him.
  • 门罗曾多次尝试和英国交涉。但英国外交大臣总是敷衍塞责,说是没时间接见。
  • In Washington, Congress decided to act and not wait for a treaty. The House of Representatives debated two proposals.
  • 在华盛顿,国会决定不再等待达成协议,而是采取行动。众议院就两项提案进行了辩论。
  • One proposal would stop all goods from being imported into the United States from Britain and its colonies.
  • 一项提案是禁止从英国及其殖民地进口所有商品到美国。
  • Imports would be permitted only after Britain had answered America's protests.
  • 只有在英国回应了美国的抗议之后,才允许进口。
  • The representative who offered the proposal said: "We do not wish to destroy the ties that ought to join nations of the same interests.
  • 提出这一提案的代表说:“我们不希望国际关系破坏。
  • To prevent this, we want an agreement that will satisfy both the United States and Britain.
  • 为了防止这种情况发生,我们希望达成一项使美国和英国都满意的协议。
  • But if Britain continues its hostile acts, then we must loosen these ties of friendship."
  • 但如果英国继续其敌对行为,那么我们必须与英国保持距离。”
  • Some members of Congress felt that this measure was too extreme. They believed it might lead to war with Britain.
  • 一些国会议员认为该措施太过极端。他们认为这样做会导致与英国开战。
  • The second proposal was more moderate. It would ban only those British goods which could be gotten from other places.
  • 第二项提议则较为温和,只禁止那些可以从其它地方进口的英国物资。
  • The House of Representatives debated the two proposals.
  • 众议院就这两项提案进行了辩论。
  • After four months, it finally approved a ban on the import of some British goods.
  • 4个月后,一项禁止进口部分英国商品的禁令终于得到了批准。
  • President Jefferson did not want the trade ban to last long. He pressed for an agreement with Britain.
  • 杰斐逊总统不希望贸易禁令持续太久。他极力要求与英国达成协议。
  • He sent William Pinkney to assist James Monroe in London.
  • 杰斐逊派威廉·平克尼去伦敦协助詹姆斯·门罗。
  • The two diplomats were told to make clear to Britain what it must do to end the limited ban on British imports.
  • 平克尼和门罗要做的是向英国表明,英国必须采取何种行动才能结束对英国进口的限制。
  • Britain was to stop taking sailors from American ships.
  • 英国必须停止从美国船只上抓捕船员。
  • It was to stop interfering with trade between the United States and the colonies of France.
  • 停止干涉美国和法国殖民地之间的贸易。
  • And it was to pay for all property seized from American ships.
  • 赔偿英国从美国船只上没收的所有财产。
  • Monroe and Pinkney knew they could never reach an agreement if they obeyed their orders.
  • 门罗和平克尼知道,如果他们照办的话,协议永远无法达成。
  • So they decided to negotiate on their own as best they could.
  • 所以,二人决定尽其所能自行谈判。
  • They dropped the demand for payment for seized property. And they accepted a note -- separate from the agreement – about impressment.
  • 他们放弃了赔偿,接受了一份和强制征兵有关的备注。
  • The note promised that Britain would be careful not to seize any more American sailors.
  • 该备注表示,英国不再扣押任何美国船员。
  • At the end of December, eighteen-oh-six, Monroe and Pinkney sent word to Washington that the treaty was ready.
  • 12月底,1806年,门罗和平克尼写信给华盛顿,说协议已经达成。
  • But from the way their note was written, it seemed the treaty might not be satisfactory.
  • 但是,从协议内容来看似乎并不尽人意。
  • Secretary of State James Madison wrote back.
  • 国务卿詹姆斯·麦迪逊回信说,
  • He said if the two diplomats could get no clear agreement on the question of impressment, then the talks should end without a treaty.
  • 如果二人在强制征兵问题上不能达成明确共识,那么就不要签署协议。
  • But it was too late. Monroe and Pinkney had signed the agreement.
  • 但为时已晚。门罗和平克尼在协议上签了字。
  • President Jefferson was angry. His negotiators had disobeyed his orders. He refused to send the treaty to the Senate for approval.
  • 谈判代表违抗了他的命令,杰斐逊总统很是生气,拒绝将协议送交参议院批准。
  • And he said he would tell Monroe and Pinkney to re-open negotiations.
  • 他说他会告诉门罗和平克尼重新开始谈判。
  • Before that could happen, an incident added more fuel to the diplomatic fire.
  • 在这之前,就发生了一起冲突加剧了事态的发展。
  • A British navy ship attacked the American Navy ship Chesapeake while looking for deserters.
  • 一艘英国海军舰艇在搜寻逃兵时袭击了美国海军舰艇切萨皮克号。
  • Britain believed that some of the deserters were on the American ship.
  • 英国认为,有一些逃兵在船上。
  • The United States said the men were American citizens who had been forced to serve in the British navy. It refused to return them.
  • 美国表示,这些人是被迫在英国海军服役的美国公民,拒绝交人。
  • When the Chesapeake sailed out of American waters, the British ship tried to stop it and search it. The American captain did not stop.
  • 当切萨皮克号驶离美国水域时,英国船只试图拦截搜查。美国队长没有停船。
  • The British ship first fired two shots in front of the Chesapeake. Then it fired all its guns directly at the American ship.
  • 英国军舰首先在切萨皮克号前开了两枪。随后向美国军舰直接开火。
  • The Chesapeake was able to answer with only one gun. The American captain surrendered.
  • 切萨皮克号只有一门大炮,美国上尉被逼无奈,只好投降。
  • News of the British attack spread quickly. President Jefferson ordered all British navy ships in American waters to leave at once.
  • 英国进攻的消息很快传开了。杰斐逊总统勒令所有在美海域的英国海军军舰立即离开。
  • He told citizens not to aid them. And he said any person -- American or British -- who disobeyed his orders would be arrested.
  • 他告诉美国人民不要帮助他们,违令者,无论是美国人还是英国人,都将被逮捕。
  • In London, James Monroe protested the attack on the Chesapeake. But the British foreign minister did not want to talk about the incident.
  • 在伦敦,詹姆斯·门罗对切萨皮克的袭击表示抗议。但英国外交大臣不愿谈论此事。
  • Monroe saw little purpose in remaining. So he sailed for home.
  • 门罗看不出留下来还有什么意义,于是乘船回家。
  • A few days after he left London, the British government announced a new rule.
  • 他离开伦敦几天后,英国政府宣布了一项新规定:
  • It said any American ship sailing to Europe must stop first in Britain to get permission.
  • 任何驶往欧洲的美国船只都必须先在英国停留,以获得许可。
  • Ships violating the rule would be seized. Relations between the two countries had reached the breaking point.
  • 违反规则的船只将被扣押。两国关系濒临破裂。
  • When President Jefferson learned of the new rule, he called a cabinet meeting to discuss the crisis.
  • 杰斐逊总统得知这项新规定后,召开了内阁会议,讨论这场危机。
  • He said the United States had three choices: Go to war with Britain. Stop all trade with Europe. Do nothing.
  • 他表示,美国有三个选择:一是与英国开战,二是停止与欧洲的所有贸易,三是按兵不动。
  • Jefferson supported the second choice -- a total embargo -- no trade with Europe.
  • 杰斐逊支持第二种选择——全面禁运——不与欧洲开展贸易。
  • The president sent a special message to Congress.
  • 杰斐逊向国会发出一个特别的信息。
  • He proposed that no ships be permitted to enter the United States, and no ships be permitted to leave.
  • 他提议,不允许任何船只进入,也不允许任何船只离开美国水域。
  • Both houses of Congress approved Jefferson's proposal. He signed the measure in the closing days of eighteen-oh-seven.
  • 国会两院批准了杰斐逊的提议。1807年的最后几天,杰斐逊签署了该法案。
  • Jefferson later explained why he thought the embargo was the best choice of action.
  • 杰斐逊后来解释了为什么他认为禁运是最好的选择。
  • He said if American ships had sailed out of American waters, they would have been seized by Britain or France.
  • 他说,如果美国船只驶出美国水域,就会被英国或法国扣押。
  • That would have forced the United States into war.
  • 这将迫使美国卷入战争。
  • Jefferson said: "It was far better to stop all communications with these nations until they returned to some sense of justice."
  • 杰斐逊说:“在这些国家恢复理智之前,最好停止与他们的一切交流。”
  • Jefferson's decision, and continuing tense relations with Britain, caused problems through his final days as president.
  • 杰斐逊的决定,以及与英国持续的紧张关系,在他担任总统的最后几天里引发了一些麻烦,
  • The situation did not improve for America's next president, James Madison. That will be our story next week.
  • 这要留待美国下一任总统詹姆斯·麦迪逊继续解决。这就是我们下周要讲的故事。


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提出这一提案的代表说:“我们不希望国际关系破坏-uw#J-Mje,8VR([JeG*O。为了防止这种情况发生,我们希望达成一项使美国和英国都满意的协议bQ*pL|DPmCJR(sg。但如果英国继续其敌对行为,那么我们必须与英国保持距离=z,-HTLvKbK7,fOa^B。”一些国会议员认为该措施太过极端xy+3UwMrl=I6],。他们认为这样做会导致与英国开战^FWx]mIBtH。第二项提议则较为温和,只禁止那些可以从其它地方进口的英国物资;SCz9[*3+HyF)UBxZ。众议院就这两项提案进行了辩论w@d]FK#@0lbR]。4个月后,一项禁止进口部分英国商品的禁令终于得到了批准puJxkwzd-(T。杰斐逊总统不希望贸易禁令持续太久IahnDN7QFLhotrJF,B。他极力要求与英国达成协议n&eV8KbkF.-pI5H&。杰斐逊派威廉•平克尼去伦敦协助詹姆斯•门罗b_eQEw=*XFtW;,.。平克尼和门罗要做的是向英国表明,英国必须采取何种行动才能结束对英国进口的限制cV]X&ci&7Ivb6iTga(。英国必须停止从美国船只上抓捕船员Pk#D,p&Vm%V7;w,Uja+。停止干涉美国和法国殖民地之间的贸易gBBsHT2X#)。赔偿英国从美国船只上没收的所有财产zau_9TZ#|KF4H]3i。门罗和平克尼知道,如果他们照办的话,协议永远无法达成cbgtNRVaqW(。所以,二人决定尽其所能自行谈判MzJW%C^EhPA。他们放弃了赔偿,接受了一份和强制征兵有关的备注aEp2GHcTTs3m.XxpAl。该备注表示,英国不再扣押任何美国船员3U.ZEBK,SfzAq-。12月底,1806年,门罗和平克尼写信给华盛顿,说协议已经达成sBnEa|*cj&[Qcq]MtM。但是,从协议内容来看似乎并不尽人意973T6V(FbfA]H]e3。国务卿詹姆斯•麦迪逊回信说,如果二人在强制征兵问题上不能达成明确共识,那么就不要签署协议a)euV61(w_。但为时已晚ZE2(L5HRZwc[LN。门罗和平克尼在协议上签了字0E|bG82VBX!CLdu2+)。谈判代表违抗了他的命令,杰斐逊总统很是生气,拒绝将协议送交参议院批准@B7p9&VlXn。他说他会告诉门罗和平克尼重新开始谈判FxtBJ[IKL.ntC(G*)AX

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在这之前,就发生了一起冲突加剧了事态的发展ie.In&kJJHy5=!FES55j。一艘英国海军舰艇在搜寻逃兵时袭击了美国海军舰艇切萨皮克号rNGg0u7K8.。英国认为,有一些逃兵在船上l,rJ%L9u0Gy5o-I|,N。美国表示,这些人是被迫在英国海军服役的美国公民,拒绝交人4-#Jb+-hD2gm。当切萨皮克号驶离美国水域时,英国船只试图拦截搜查fN^1f-uoA#sYY。美国队长没有停船VXE]~zUqKNk@8l.uIe,。英国军舰首先在切萨皮克号前开了两枪fdoKBZt%E8Vf^f。随后向美国军舰直接开火LO!]evc;Dy。切萨皮克号只有一门大炮,美国上尉被逼无奈,只好投降*|b^qq.P[Bvkl)s|5dbb。英国进攻的消息很快传开了Z+Q-o@]@g(Pd.BEpB0。杰斐逊总统勒令所有在美海域的英国海军军舰立即离开_FAdu@0z=lLU。他告诉美国人民不要帮助他们,违令者,无论是美国人还是英国人,都将被逮捕Eq=#0*LqVh。在伦敦,詹姆斯•门罗对切萨皮克的袭击表示抗议UT,.a9f3NQg;ypx。但英国外交大臣不愿谈论此事L,5LDuHmEu(%77。门罗看不出留下来还有什么意义,于是乘船回家~Zm~)v|_,M9|1。他离开伦敦几天后,英国政府宣布了一项新规定:任何驶往欧洲的美国船只都必须先在英国停留,以获得许可tv.rzL%#08oD|9。违反规则的船只将被扣押3xq!U7R64K5PT1Q8。两国关系濒临破裂28VATFk@NImJR。杰斐逊总统得知这项新规定后,召开了内阁会议,讨论这场危机M6ctZj2^mL)_k)IsjJA。他表示,美国有三个选择:一是与英国开战,二是停止与欧洲的所有贸易,三是按兵不动10Al]5#dNB1fGcJmwK9S。杰斐逊支持第二种选择——全面禁运——不与欧洲开展贸易;Lw*0Z7Tf1T。杰斐逊向国会发出一个特别的信息B=gFYu0gupXH(。他提议,不允许任何船只进入,也不允许任何船只离开美国水域+z8ML6d,_nX.|_1QhBLx。国会两院批准了杰斐逊的提议q!7GcvjTjjNTrgkwtjpR。1807年的最后几天,杰斐逊签署了该法案pN)pk8~^EXcm%Tyf_8zc。杰斐逊后来解释了为什么他认为禁运是最好的选择9E]t]lMg_JFGz%~GL。他说,如果美国船只驶出美国水域,就会被英国或法国扣押1pYn0xVpq#YDE&;v。这将迫使美国卷入战争(R!5JrK6~v^m。杰斐逊说:“在这些国家恢复理智之前,最好停止与他们的一切交流ynncKxJmW[6AtKnq|CfN。”杰斐逊的决定,以及与英国持续的紧张关系,在他担任总统的最后几天里引发了一些麻烦,这要留待美国下一任总统詹姆斯•麦迪逊继续解决kdL%irg5OeC_。这就是我们下周要讲的故事OC)eZL6^3zvp~s@

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|3f0O1s|gwKv)C&E=VTUS%pHTQAg;QuUpTh.pSfnp.d@p
重点单词   查看全部解释    
moderate ['mɔdəreit,'mɔdərit]

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adj. 适度的,稳健的,温和的,中等的
v.

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payment ['peimənt]

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n. 支付,付款,报偿,报应

 
prevent [pri'vent]

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v. 预防,防止

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limited ['limitid]

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adj. 有限的,被限制的
动词limit的过

 
representative [repri'zentətiv]

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adj. 代表性的,代议制的,典型的
n. 代

 
extreme [ik'stri:m]

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adj. 极度的,极端的
n. 极端,极限

 
deserted [di'zə:tid]

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adj. 废弃的,荒芜的,被遗弃的 动词desert的过

 
interference [.intə'fiərəns]

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n. 妨碍,干扰
[计算机] 干涉

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measure ['meʒə]

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n. 措施,办法,量度,尺寸
v. 测量,量

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approval [ə'pru:vəl]

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n. 批准,认可,同意,赞同

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