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科学美国人60秒:在人类周围生活的哺乳动物选择夜间活动

时间:2019-01-30 11:55:00 来源:可可英语编辑:aimee 可可英语APP下载 | 可可官方微信:ikekenet

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This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Jason Goldman.
这里是科学美国人——60秒科学。我是杰森·古德曼。

Homo sapiens has an outsized influence on the behavior of other animals. We have long hunted them.
人类对其他动物的行为有着超乎寻常的影响。我们长时间以来都在追捕动物。

More recently, we destroy habitats to build housing and coffee shops,
最近，我们破坏动物的栖息地来建造房屋和咖啡馆，

and we build roads to drive from our houses to those coffee shops.
并修建从房屋通往咖啡馆的公路。

But some of our influences are far more subtle.
但是我们的一些影响则要微妙得多。

"My collaborators and I had noticed a striking pattern in some of our own data
“我和我的合作者在我们的一些数据中发现了一种惊人的模式，

from far-flung places like Tanzania, Canada, Nepal...
这些数据来自坦桑尼亚、加拿大、尼泊尔等遥远的地方。

where animals we were studying seemed to be more active at night when they were around people."
我们发现，我们研究的动物在人类周围生存时，似乎在晚上更为活跃。”

University of California, Berkeley, wildlife ecologist Kaitlyn Gaynor.
加州大学伯克利分校的野生动物生态学家凯特琳·盖纳说到。

To see if animals really were changing their activity schedules,
为了弄清动物是否真的改变了它们的作息时间表，

Gaynor and her team rounded up 141 studies of 62 kinds of mammals from across six continents.
盖纳和团队收集了来自六大洲62种哺乳动物的141项研究。

And they found that mammals near people across the globe have settled on a new strategy for survival:
他们发现，世界各地在人类周围生活的哺乳动物已经选定了一种新的生存战略：

they take to the night, when most of us are comfortably tucked into our beds counting sheep.
它们养成了在晚上活动的习惯，而那时我们大多数人已经舒服地钻进被窝睡觉了。

The finding is in the journal Science.
这项研究结果发表在《科学》期刊上。

For example, an animal that would ordinarily prefer to spend half of its active time during the daytime and half at night
举例来说，一种通常喜欢将昼夜活动时间平分的动物，

shifts to two thirds of its active time under darkness.
现在将活动时间的三分之二安排在夜间。

And our particular human behaviors do not seem to matter:
我们特定的人类行为似乎没有多大影响：

"Something that surprised me in the study
“这项研究中令我感到惊讶的是，

was just how consistent the shift towards nocturnality was across types of human disturbance.
在不同类型的人类干扰中，动物转变为夜间活动这一趋势的一致性非常高。

We expected to see animals being a little bit more discerning,
我们本以为动物会变得更敏锐，

and perhaps responding more strongly to activities like hunting, that actually do a pose a risk to the animal.
也许会对捕猎这样的活动反应更强烈，因为那是会对其构成威胁的活动。

But what we found is that whether it is infrastructure development,
但我们发现，无论是基础设施建设，

or hunting, or even just hiking through wilderness areas,
还是捕猎，甚至是徒步穿越自然保护区，

all of these human activities elicit a response in wildlife, suggesting that they're playing it safe around us."
所有这些人类活动所引发的野生动物的反应，都表明它们在我们人类周围时一直在谨慎行事。”

In a way, this reaction is a good thing.
从某种程度上说，这种反应是件好事。

The night shift allows animals to more safely coexist with us in shared spaces.
“上夜班”使动物可以更安全地在同一空间与我们共存。

But what's not yet clear is any long-term physiological changes animals may go through from adjusting their daily schedules
但是目前还不清楚的是，动物在调整作息时间时是否会经历长期的生理变化，

because many can't simply run away from us.
因为许多动物不能简单地靠避开人类而获得安全。

Nor is it obvious what impacts these changes might have on broader ecological communities, and on the food web.
而这些变化可能对更广泛生态社区和食物网络产生的影响也不明朗。

"Even if we think we're leaving no trace in the outdoors, our presence can have pretty lasting consequences."
“即使我们认为自己没有在户外留下痕迹，但我们的存在本身就会产生相当持久的后果。”

For Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Jason Goldman.
谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是杰森·古德曼。

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重点讲解：
1. round up 围捕；逮捕；
We've rounded up a selection of products.
我们已经精心挑选了一些产品67V!R)dKm~t3so;_。
2. settle on 选择；选定；
They could not settle on where top spend the holiday.
他们还决定不了到哪儿去度假0cnB+Nfy[zqb(。
3. take to 养成(做…)的习惯；开始定时(做…)；
They had taken to wandering through the streets arm-in-arm.
他们养成了挽着胳膊逛街的习惯h=P,MEbd!]G#k%!c8]pu。
4. play it safe 谨慎行事；避免冒险；
Just play it safe, cover your ass, keep your head down.
要谨慎行事，保护好自己并保持低调j,IS),,2*_i@H。

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重点单词		查看全部解释
lasting	['læstiŋ]	想一想再看 adj. 永久的，永恒的动词last的现在分	联想记忆 X 单词lasting 联想记忆：源于：last（adj 最后的）
subtle	['sʌtl]	想一想再看 adj. 微妙的，敏感的，精细的，狡诈的，不明显的
settle	['setl]	想一想再看 v. 安顿，解决，定居 n. 有背的长凳
wilderness	['wildənis]	想一想再看 n. 荒野，荒地
ecologist	[i:'kɔlədʒist]	想一想再看 n. 生态学家
reaction	[ri'ækʃən]	想一想再看 n. 反应，反作用力，化学反应	联想记忆 X 单词reaction 联想记忆： re反，action动－反应
ecological	[.ekə'lɔdʒikəl]	想一想再看 adj. 生态的，生态学的
discerning	[di'sə:niŋ]	想一想再看 adj. 有见识的
settled	['setld]	想一想再看 adj. 固定的；稳定的 v. 解决；定居（settle
consistent	[kən'sistənt]	想一想再看 adj. 始终如一的，一致的，坚持的	联想记忆 X 单词consistent 联想记忆： con共同，sist站－一堆士兵站成一排－前后一致的con共同，sistent＝sister：双胞胎姐妹的想法总是：前后一致的