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科学美国人60秒:在人类周围生活的哺乳动物选择夜间活动

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  • This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Jason Goldman.
  • 这里是科学美国人——60秒科学。我是杰森·古德曼。
  • Homo sapiens has an outsized influence on the behavior of other animals. We have long hunted them.
  • 人类对其他动物的行为有着超乎寻常的影响。我们长时间以来都在追捕动物。
  • More recently, we destroy habitats to build housing and coffee shops,
  • 最近,我们破坏动物的栖息地来建造房屋和咖啡馆,
  • and we build roads to drive from our houses to those coffee shops.
  • 并修建从房屋通往咖啡馆的公路。
  • But some of our influences are far more subtle.
  • 但是我们的一些影响则要微妙得多。
  • "My collaborators and I had noticed a striking pattern in some of our own data
  • “我和我的合作者在我们的一些数据中发现了一种惊人的模式,
  • from far-flung places like Tanzania, Canada, Nepal...
  • 这些数据来自坦桑尼亚、加拿大、尼泊尔等遥远的地方。
  • where animals we were studying seemed to be more active at night when they were around people."
  • 我们发现,我们研究的动物在人类周围生存时,似乎在晚上更为活跃。”
  • University of California, Berkeley, wildlife ecologist Kaitlyn Gaynor.
  • 加州大学伯克利分校的野生动物生态学家凯特琳·盖纳说到。
  • To see if animals really were changing their activity schedules,
  • 为了弄清动物是否真的改变了它们的作息时间表,
  • Gaynor and her team rounded up 141 studies of 62 kinds of mammals from across six continents.
  • 盖纳和团队收集了来自六大洲62种哺乳动物的141项研究。
  • And they found that mammals near people across the globe have settled on a new strategy for survival:
  • 他们发现,世界各地在人类周围生活的哺乳动物已经选定了一种新的生存战略:
  • they take to the night, when most of us are comfortably tucked into our beds counting sheep.
  • 它们养成了在晚上活动的习惯,而那时我们大多数人已经舒服地钻进被窝睡觉了。
  • The finding is in the journal Science.
  • 这项研究结果发表在《科学》期刊上。
  • For example, an animal that would ordinarily prefer to spend half of its active time during the daytime and half at night
  • 举例来说,一种通常喜欢将昼夜活动时间平分的动物,
  • shifts to two thirds of its active time under darkness.
  • 现在将活动时间的三分之二安排在夜间。
  • And our particular human behaviors do not seem to matter:
  • 我们特定的人类行为似乎没有多大影响:
  • "Something that surprised me in the study
  • “这项研究中令我感到惊讶的是,
  • was just how consistent the shift towards nocturnality was across types of human disturbance.
  • 在不同类型的人类干扰中,动物转变为夜间活动这一趋势的一致性非常高。
  • We expected to see animals being a little bit more discerning,
  • 我们本以为动物会变得更敏锐,
  • and perhaps responding more strongly to activities like hunting, that actually do a pose a risk to the animal.
  • 也许会对捕猎这样的活动反应更强烈,因为那是会对其构成威胁的活动。
  • But what we found is that whether it is infrastructure development,
  • 但我们发现,无论是基础设施建设,
  • or hunting, or even just hiking through wilderness areas,
  • 还是捕猎,甚至是徒步穿越自然保护区,
  • all of these human activities elicit a response in wildlife, suggesting that they're playing it safe around us."
  • 所有这些人类活动所引发的野生动物的反应,都表明它们在我们人类周围时一直在谨慎行事。”
  • In a way, this reaction is a good thing.
  • 从某种程度上说,这种反应是件好事。
  • The night shift allows animals to more safely coexist with us in shared spaces.
  • “上夜班”使动物可以更安全地在同一空间与我们共存。
  • But what's not yet clear is any long-term physiological changes animals may go through from adjusting their daily schedules
  • 但是目前还不清楚的是,动物在调整作息时间时是否会经历长期的生理变化,
  • because many can't simply run away from us.
  • 因为许多动物不能简单地靠避开人类而获得安全。
  • Nor is it obvious what impacts these changes might have on broader ecological communities, and on the food web.
  • 而这些变化可能对更广泛生态社区和食物网络产生的影响也不明朗。
  • "Even if we think we're leaving no trace in the outdoors, our presence can have pretty lasting consequences."
  • “即使我们认为自己没有在户外留下痕迹,但我们的存在本身就会产生相当持久的后果。”
  • For Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Jason Goldman.
  • 谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是杰森·古德曼。


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重点讲解:
1. round up 围捕;逮捕;
We've rounded up a selection of products.
我们已经精心挑选了一些产品67V!R)dKm~t3so;_
2. settle on 选择;选定;
They could not settle on where top spend the holiday.
他们还决定不了到哪儿去度假0cnB+Nfy[zqb(
3. take to 养成(做…)的习惯;开始定时(做…);
They had taken to wandering through the streets arm-in-arm.
他们养成了挽着胳膊逛街的习惯h=P,MEbd!]G#k%!c8]pu
4. play it safe 谨慎行事;避免冒险;
Just play it safe, cover your ass, keep your head down.
要谨慎行事,保护好自己并保持低调j,IS),,2*_i@H

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重点单词   查看全部解释    
lasting ['læstiŋ]

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adj. 永久的,永恒的
动词last的现在分

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subtle ['sʌtl]

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adj. 微妙的,敏感的,精细的,狡诈的,不明显的

 
settle ['setl]

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v. 安顿,解决,定居
n. 有背的长凳

 
wilderness ['wildənis]

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n. 荒野,荒地

 
ecologist [i:'kɔlədʒist]

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n. 生态学家

 
reaction [ri'ækʃən]

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n. 反应,反作用力,化学反应

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ecological [.ekə'lɔdʒikəl]

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adj. 生态的,生态学的

 
discerning [di'sə:niŋ]

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adj. 有见识的

 
settled ['setld]

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adj. 固定的;稳定的 v. 解决;定居(settle

 
consistent [kən'sistənt]

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adj. 始终如一的,一致的,坚持的

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