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科学美国人60秒:细菌可以对抗新型抗生素

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  • This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
  • 这里是科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。
  • Perhaps the chief poster child of antibiotic resistance is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA.
  • 可能抗生素耐药性的主要代表就是耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌,简称MRSA。
  • The bacterium is impervious to a suite of antibiotics,
  • 这种细菌不受一系列抗生素的影响,
  • and can cause blood infections, pneumonia...even death.
  • 而且它能引发血液感染、肺炎……甚至是死亡。
  • And you'd assume that it developed its namesake resistance to methicilli...by being exposed to methicillin.
  • 你可能会认为它接触甲氧西林后,发展出了同名的抗甲氧西林耐药性。
  • But that doesn't seem to be the case.
  • 但事实似乎并非如此。
  • Instead, the culprit for resistance appears to be an earlier, and chemically related antibiotic: penicillin.
  • 相反,耐药性的来源似乎是更早的、与化学相关的抗生素:青霉素。
  • "We think it's a very early use of penicillin that forced the strains to pick up these mechanisms."
  • “我们认为较早使用青霉素迫使菌株获得了这些机制。”
  • Matthew Holden, a molecular microbiologist at the University of Saint Andrews in Scotland.
  • 苏格兰圣安德鲁斯大学的分子微生物学家马修·霍顿说道。
  • Holden and his team analyzed the genomes of freeze-dried strains of MRSA bacteria, from the 1960s to the '80s.
  • 霍顿和他的团队分析了20世纪60年代到80年代经过冷冻干燥处理的MRSA菌株基因组。
  • "In effect what we were doing was sort of genomic archaeology,
  • “实际上,我们的工作有点像基因组考古,
  • in looking at the genomes, and comparing the variation
  • 就是研究基因组,比较基因变异,
  • and using that information to effectively reconstruct the evolutionary histories."
  • 然后利用这些信息有效地重建基因进化史。”
  • What they found was that the Staph bacteria seem to have acquired the methicillin-resistance gene in the mid-1940s—
  • 他们发现,葡萄球菌似乎在20世纪40年代中期获得了“抗甲氧西林耐药性”基因,
  • about 15 years before methicillin even hit the market.
  • 这一时间比甲氧西林问世早了15年。
  • And they determined that it was the widespread use of penicillin that led to that adaptation.
  • 他们断定是青霉素的广泛使用导致了细菌适应性。
  • The results are in the journal Genome Biology.
  • 这项研究结果发表在《基因生物学》期刊上。
  • Methicillin was introduced in the U.K. in 1959.
  • 英国于1959年引入甲氧西林。
  • Less than a year later, resistance was first reported—
  • 不到一年时间,甲氧西林的耐药性就被首次报道,
  • resistance that it appears now was already baked into the staph strains.
  • 现在这种耐药性好像已经进入了葡萄球菌菌株了。
  • Looking ahead, Holden says we'd do well to vigilantly monitor the genetics of circulating strains—
  • 展望未来,霍顿表示,我们将认真密切监视流通菌株的基因遗传,
  • to find out which bugs may be armed to battle our newest antibiotics as soon as they're developed.
  • 以找到基因漏洞,看哪些漏洞可能在最新型抗生素被研发出来时,就武装起来进行反抗。
  • Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
  • 谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。


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重点讲解:
1. be impervious to 无动于衷的;不受影响的;
例句:They are impervious to heat and magnetism.
它们完全不受热和磁场的影响Lhr;qF7*lyj&
2. a suite of 一系列;一套;
例句:He has composed a suite of music for the film.
他为该电影配写了一套乐曲#gJLnrnNGNB|
3. pick up (不费力地)获得,学会;
例句:It is not just a little trick you can pick up in half an hour.
这不是你半个小时就能学会的小窍门XB*nVzF4x&IDT%__
4. in effect 其实;实际上;
例句:Interest rates are in effect zero, which puts a new perspective on prices.
利率目前实际上为零,这使得人们对物价产生了新的视角8V*Qmb,KYEdgB@++Q
5. look ahead 展望未来;规划未来;
例句:Now I can remember without mourning, and begin to look ahead.
如今回首往事我已不再感到悲痛,并且开始展望将来O7WSDIh;i2)a

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重点单词   查看全部解释    
assume [ə'sju:m]

想一想再看

vt. 假定,设想,承担; (想当然的)认为

联想记忆
resistance [ri'zistəns]

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n. 抵抗力,反抗,反抗行动;阻力,电阻;反对

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impervious [im'pə:viəs]

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adj. 不能渗透的,不为所动的

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bacterium [bæk'tiəriəm]

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n. 细菌

 
gene [dʒi:n]

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n. 基因

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related [ri'leitid]

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adj. 相关的,有亲属关系的

 
antibiotics [.æntibai'ɔtiks]

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n. 抗生素,抗生学

 
poster ['pəustə]

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n. 海报,装饰画

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composed [kəm'pəuzd]

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adj. 镇静的,沉着的

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adaptation [.ædæp'teiʃən]

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n. 改编,改编成的作品,适应

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