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科学美国人60秒:纤维含量高的饮食保持肠壁完整

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  • This is Scientific American — 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
  • 这里是科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。
  • Your nose may be the first place you think of as a source of mucus.
  • 对于粘液的来源,你想到的第一个地方可能就是鼻子。
  • But mucus is a major player in your gut, too.
  • 但是粘液也是肠道中的重要成分。
  • "There's antimicrobial peptides and proteins that are present in there.
  • “肠道中有抗菌肽和蛋白质。
  • Bacteria live in there and forage on the carbohydrates.
  • 肠道中的细菌以碳水化合物为食。
  • And it's a lubricant, it helps sweep contents down the GI tract, without injuring the epithelial layer."
  • 肠道中的粘液是一种润滑剂,它可以帮助食物沿胃肠道滑下,而不损伤上皮层细胞。”
  • Eric Martens, a microbiologist at the University of Michigan.
  • 埃里克·马顿斯是密歇根大学的微生物学家。
  • He says farther down the GI tract, in the colon, the mucus builds a wall:
  • 他表示,在胃肠道下方,粘液在结肠处建造了一堵墙:
  • a barrier against friendly bacteria, "as well as pathogens that could be transiting through."
  • 这个屏障可以抵抗友善的细菌以及病原体通过。
  • But here's the problem: your gut bacteria may chew right through that wall—if you skimp on fiber in your diet.
  • 但是问题是:如果你的饮食中缺少膳食纤维,那肠道细菌也可能会穿过那堵墙。
  • Martens and his team modeled that scenario in mice who'd been born free of microbes.
  • 马斯顿和他的团队用老鼠进行情况模拟,这些老鼠生来不含有任何微生物。
  • They seeded the mice's guts with a human gut microbiome—
  • 他们在老鼠的肠道内植入人体肠道的微生物,
  • and then fed them a high-fiber diet: raw milled corn, whole wheat, whole soybeans and oats.
  • 然后给老鼠喂纤维含量高的饮食:生玉米碎、全麦、大豆和燕麦。
  • "It's about as raw of a diet as you can get."
  • “这基本上和人类食物的原料类似。”
  • The human equivalent: double our recommended daily intake of fiber. "It's a lot of kale."
  • 相当于人类的饮食:将摄入的纤维量翻倍。“这是大量的甘蓝。”
  • That extreme high-fiber diet helped keep the mucus barrier intact.
  • 纤维含量极高的饮食有助于保持粘液屏障的完整性。
  • But in mice that had zero fiber—or the kind of soluble fiber typically added to processed foods—
  • 但是,老鼠体内没有任何纤维,也没有通常会添加到加工食品中的可溶性纤维,
  • the fiber-eating members of the gut dwindled.
  • 肠道中以纤维为食的细菌数量减少。
  • Their absence opened up more real estate for mucus-munching bacteria, which boomed in number,
  • 纤维细菌的缺乏则为粘液细菌提供了更多场所,造成粘液细菌数量激增,
  • and tore through the protective mucus wall—leaving intestinal cells open for microbial attack.
  • 然后通过保护的黏膜墙,导致肠道细胞易受到微生物的攻击。
  • The study is in the journal Cell.
  • 该研究结果发表在《细胞》期刊上。
  • The results suggest that "the recent history of your diet could predispose how you react to an enteric pathogen."
  • 研究结果表明,“你最近的饮食可以反应出你如何应对肠道病菌。”
  • And they're yet another endorsement of the magical properties of plant fiber.
  • 它们也反应了植物纤维的神奇特性。
  • "Eating natural vegetables, raw vegetables, cooked veggies, whole grains, is definitely good for you."
  • “吃天然的蔬菜、生蔬菜、熟蔬菜、全谷物,绝对是对你有好处的。”
  • The good news is, the mice's gut bacteria bounced back within a day to a change in diet.
  • 好消息是,老鼠的肠道细菌在改变饮食一天以后迅速恢复了活力。
  • So eat for the gut you want. Not the gut you have.
  • 所以,要食用你的肠道告诉你要吃的食物,而不是你的直觉告诉你要吃的食物。
  • Thanks for listening for Scientific American — 60-Second Science Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
  • 谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是克里斯托弗·因塔利亚塔。


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重点讲解:
1. skimp on 草率地做;马马虎虎地做;节俭使用;节省;
例句:Many families must skimp on their food and other necessities just to meet the monthly rent.
就为了交齐每月的租金,许多家庭不得不省吃俭用y9kLc^+a]|.-;MUZI
2. add to 添加;增加;掺加;
例句:The interest is added to your account every year.
利息每年都加到您的存款中lJxf[*7#r42WUz%-1;Z-
3. open up (使)(机会、可能性等)出现;(使)产生;
例句:Night hiking opens up a new world to visitors.
夜游则让游客置身一个全新世界R[8M(UmNif)
4. react to (作出)反应;回应;
例句:They say children will react to what they see.
他们说孩子会对他们看到的做出反应M5SzbB~eDD)_n#_kJ&

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重点单词   查看全部解释    
barrier ['bæriə]

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n. 界线,屏障,栅栏,障碍物

 
lubricant ['lu:brikənt]

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n. 润滑剂

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estate [is'teit]

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n. 财产,房地产,状态,遗产

联想记忆
wheat [wi:t]

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n. 小麦,小麦色

 
skimp [skimp]

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v. 少给,吝啬地给,克扣,敷衍 adj. 少的,不足的

联想记忆
cell [sel]

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n. 细胞,电池,小组,小房间,单人牢房,(蜂房的)巢室

 
colon [kəu'ləun]

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n. 冒号,结肠,科朗(哥斯达黎加和萨尔瓦多的货币单位)

联想记忆
layer ['leiə]

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n. 层
vi. 分层
vt. 将某

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corn [kɔ:n]

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n. 谷物,小麦,玉米
v. 形成(颗粒状),

 
magical ['mædʒikəl]

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adj. 魔术的,有魔力的,神奇的

 

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