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科学美国人60秒:研究或揭示狗的祖先是欧亚大陆的狼

时间:2016-06-14 19:10:40 来源:可可英语编辑:mike 可可英语APP下载 | 可可官方微信:ikekenet

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In Jack London's The Call of the Wild, a pet dog named Buck winds up in the Yukon…where he succumbs to his desire to return to his wild cousins…the wolves.
杰克·伦敦的小说《野性的呼唤》中，一只名为巴克的狗狗最终从人类文明社会返回狼群。

It's hard to say no to that call, isn't it Buck? It's all right boy.
那样的呼唤很难拒绝，对吧，巴克!好了伙计。

Go ahead.
走吧!

Of course, Buck himself was the descendant of wolves.
当然，巴克是狼的后代。

Wolves that lived more than 10,000 years ago.
狼在10,000多年前就开始生活。

At this time people would have been hunting and gathering.
“那时候的人们一直过着群居及打猎的生活。”

Laurent Frantz, a geneticist at the University of Oxford in the U.K.
洛伦特·弗朗茨是英国牛津大学的一位遗传学家。

Humans roamed across Eurasia.
人类横跨了欧亚大陆。

They would eat, and throw scraps around their settlement.
他们曾经在进食后将吃剩下的东西扔在定居点周围。

Which attracts wildlife. Wildlife like wolves.
这就招来了野生动物，狼就包括在内。

Over time a split would have appeared in wolf populations, he says:
而他表示随着时间的推移狼群会产生两派。

those wolves that feared humans, and those that didn't.
“那就是害怕人类的狼群及毫无惧意的狼群。

So this would have facilitated, I think, the domestication process.
我认为这就促成了狼的驯化过程。

At which point humans deliberately took wolves as pets.
人类曾故意将狼当作宠物。

But that domestication process, Frantz says, may have happened more than once: first in the west, in Europe.
弗朗茨表示这种驯化过程曾经发生过不只一次，第一次是在西方的欧洲;

And again in the far east, in Asia.
其次是在遥远的东方亚洲。

Frantz and his colleagues analyzed the DNA from a 4,800-year-old Irish dog's ear bone, along with the genomes of hundreds of other modern and ancient dogs.
弗朗茨和他的同事们对4800年前爱尔兰狗的耳骨及数千只现代及古代狗的基因组进行了对比分析。

After building a family tree, they determined that dogs could have been first domesticated in Europe, at least 15,000 years ago.
在建立家谱后，他们认为至少在15,000年前，狗就第一次在欧洲被人类驯服。

But the data also point to another domestication in East Asia, more than 13,000 years ago.
但数据也显示在13,000多年前，东亚也曾经有过驯服动物的行为。

Sometime after that, they say, humans from East Asia wandered to Europe…and brought their dogs with them.
而后的时间，研究人员认为东亚人带着驯服过的狗前往欧洲。

Leading to a mixing of the two populations.
这导致两个种群的混合。

The study appears in the journal Science.
这项研究已在《科学》杂志上发表。

Frantz says most purebred dog breeds trace their origins to the 1800s.
弗朗茨表示最纯种狗的起源能够追溯到18世纪。

But as this study reminds us—if you go back far enough, all dogs are mutts.
但这项研究提醒我们，如果你追溯的足够久远，就会发现所有的狗都不是纯种。

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1.wind up 收尾;煞尾

例句:The President is about to wind up his visit to Somalia.
总统即将结束对索马里的访问L(uxpc!ZMjq#g~Aum-W。

2.domestication process 驯化过程
例句:In their studies, the researchers also found that farmers have tried to develop ricevarieties expressing the GIF1 gene during the domestication process.
在研究过程中，科研人员也发现了在水稻驯化过程中，农民选择培育了GIF1高表达的水稻变种_3uq+pc+&P!yE。

3.along with 随着

例句:I'll go along with you.
我将随同你一起去&%pNJ]&)V3Q。

4.family tree 族谱;系谱

例句:A family tree shows our family members and relatives.
家谱表明我们的家庭成员和亲戚w_60i,bMp5_。

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重点单词		查看全部解释
determined	[di'tə:mind]	想一想再看 adj. 坚毅的，下定决心的
deliberately	[di'libəritli]	想一想再看 adv. 慎重地，故意地
trace	[treis]	想一想再看 n. 痕迹，踪迹，微量 vt. 追踪，找出根源
geneticist	[dʒi'netisist]	想一想再看 n. 遗传学者
buck	[bʌk]	想一想再看 n. (美元)块钱 n. 钱，鹿皮，(鹿皮等)制物，小伙	联想记忆 X 单词buck 联想记忆：读：罢课。一种竭力反对上课的行为。
purebred	['pjuə.bred]	想一想再看 adj. (动物)纯种的	联想记忆 X 单词purebred 联想记忆： pure纯，bred＝breed（v 繁殖）－纯种的
split	[split]	想一想再看 n. 劈开，裂片，裂口 adj. 分散的
gene	[dʒi:n]	想一想再看 n. 基因	联想记忆 X 单词gene 联想记忆：外来语