英国卫报:你还在相信统计数据吗?(12)

时间:2021-01-13 08:37:00 来源:可可英语编辑:Vicki 可可英语APP下载 | 可可官方微信:ikekenet

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The rise of identity politics since the 1960s has put additional strain on such systems of classification.
20世纪60年代之后身份政治的兴起给这种分类体系带来了额外的压力。

Statistical data is only credible if people will accept the limited range of demographic categories that are on offer, which are selected by the expert not the respondent.
只有当人们接受了提供的由专家而不是被调查者选择的有限的人口统计类别时，统计数据才可信。

But where identity becomes a political issue, people demand to define themselves on their own terms, where gender, sexuality, race or class is concerned.
但当身份成为一个政治问题时，人们就会要求用自己的方式来定义自己，比如性别、性取向、种族或阶级。

Polls have traditionally captured people's attitudes and preferences, on the reasonable assumption that people will behave accordingly.
民意调查一般根据人们会做出相应行为的合理假设来捕捉人们的态度和偏好。

But in an age of declining political participation, it is not enough simply to know which box someone would prefer to put an "X" in.
但在政治参与度下降的时代，仅仅知道某人更愿意在哪个盒子里放“X”是不够的，

One also needs to know whether they feel strongly enough about doing so to bother.
还需知道他们是否有足够强烈的意愿去这样做。

And when it comes to capturing such fluctuations in emotional intensity, polling is a clumsy tool.
当要捕捉情绪强度的波动时，民意测验是一种笨拙的工具。

The challenges that identity politics and globalisation present to them are not new either.
身份政治和全球化给其带来的挑战也已司空见惯。

Why then do the events of the past year feel quite so damaging to the ideal of quantitative expertise and its role in political debate?
那么，为什么我们会觉得过去一年里发生的事件对定量专家的理想及其在政治辩论中的作用有如此大的破坏性呢？

In recent years, a new way of quantifying and visualising populations has emerged that potentially pushes statistics to the margins, ushering in a different era altogether.
近年来出现了一种量化和可视化人口的新方法，这种方法有可能将数据推向边缘，从而开创一个完全不同的时代。

Statistics, collected and compiled by technical experts, are giving way to data that accumulates by default, as a consequence of sweeping digitisation.
由于大规模数字化，由技术专家收集和汇编的统计数据正在让位于默认情况下积累的数据。

Traditionally, statisticians have known which questions they wanted to ask regarding which population, then set out to answer them.
一般情况下，统计学家已经知道他们想针对哪些人口问哪些问题，然后着手回答这些问题。

By contrast, data is automatically produced whenever we swipe a loyalty card, comment on Facebook or search for something on Google.
相比之下，每当我们刷会员卡、在脸书上发表评论或者在谷歌上搜索某个东西时，数据就会自动生成。

As our cities, cars, homes and household objects become digitally connected, the amount of data we leave in our trail will grow even greater.
随着我们的城市、汽车、住宅和家用物品的数字化连接，我们留下的数据量将会越来越大。

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1.opinion polling 民意调查

He now oversees the party's opinion polling and campaigning in target seats.

现在他负责监督党内的民意测验以及针对目标席位的竞选活动)bu@sao_wR。

2.as a consequence of 由于

Deflation is a real possibility in 2009 as a consequence of a global recession.

2009年，由于全球经济衰退，通货紧缩成为一种现实的可能Ph1ER%I(%oAbrtq。

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重点单词		查看全部解释
credible	['kredəbl]	想一想再看 adj. 可信的，可靠的	联想记忆 X 单词credible 联想记忆： cred 相信+ible能…的→可靠的，可信的
automatically	[.ɔ:tə'mætikəli]	想一想再看 adv. 自动地，机械地
clumsy	['klʌmzi]	想一想再看 adj. 笨拙的，笨重的，不得体的
issue	['iʃju:]	想一想再看 n. 发行物，期刊号，争论点 vi. & vt
intensity	[in'tensiti]	想一想再看 n. 强烈，强度
identity	[ai'dentiti]	想一想再看 n. 身份，一致，特征
quantitative	['kwɔntitətiv]	想一想再看 adj. 数量的，定量的
limited	['limitid]	想一想再看 adj. 有限的，被限制的动词limit的过
reasonable	['ri:znəbl]	想一想再看 adj. 合理的，适度的，通情达理的
participation	[pɑ:.tisi'peiʃən]	想一想再看 n. 参加，参与