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'Stagnation'. Now, when we look at GDP, we talk about growth or decline.
‘停滞’。当我们观察GDP时，我们谈论的是增长或下降。
Growth means that GDP is growing; decline means that GDP is shrinking. Okay?
增长意味着GDP在增长；下降意味着GDP在收缩。
'Stagnation' means that there's hardly any movement, up or down. It means everything stays more or less the same.
‘停滞’意味着没有任何变动，无论是上升还是下降；意味着一切都保持着不变。
1%, etc. that's still stagnation, if it carries for a long time. A government wants to make sure that the economy is in growth, that the economy grows.
例如1%，也算是停滞，如果这种情况持续很长时间的话。政府想要确保经济增长。
If it's stagnant, it means it's not moving, that's also bad for the economy.
如果停滞，意味着没有变动，这对经济不利。
Next... Actually, you know what? I'm going to jump here a little bit; I'll come back to these guys.
接下来，先跳过这个，待会儿再来讲。
'Recession'. 'Recession' is different from 'stagnation'. 'Recession' means that the economy is in decline.
‘衰退’。‘衰退’和‘停滞’不同。‘衰退’指的是经济下滑。
Now, usually, if the economy is in decline for two quarters, consecutive quarters, means one quarter after another quarter,
如果经济连续两个季度下滑，即一个季度接着一个季度，
then the government or people, economists consider the economy to be in recession.
那么政府或经济学家就会认为经济正在衰退。
If the recession continues for a long time, maybe a couple of years, some...
如果衰退持续很长一段时间，可能是几年...
in some places, it's only one year or even less, then you have a depression, which is a very big decline in the economy, the GDP.
如果只有一个月或更短的时间，那么就是经济不景气，即为经济或GDP的大幅下降。
Next, we're going to talk about 'credit'. 'Credit' is the ability to borrow money. Okay?
下一个，我们要说说‘信用’。‘信用’是借钱的能力。
So, for example, you need to buy a car, you can buy a car and pay for it later. Why?
例如，你要买一辆车，你可以贷款，为什么？
Because the bank will give you the money to buy the car, and then slowly you pay them back.
因为银行可以借钱给你买车，你可以之后慢慢还。
If they give you $10,000 to buy the car, you have a $10,000 debt.
如果他们借给你一万美元买车，你就有了一万美元的债务。
Notice I don't pronounce the 'b': 'debt'. Okay? 'Debt' means owing. You owe money to someone, usually the bank.
注意，我这里的‘b’是没有发音的。‘债务’指的是欠款。你欠某人钱，通常这个某人是银行。
A 'credit rating' means how much or how little the banks will give you.
‘信用等级’指的是银行会借给你多或少。
Now, of course, there's also credits between credit ratings and credits between countries, between companies, between banks and individuals,
当然，信用评级、国家、公司、银行和个人之见也有信用评级，
so this basically tells you how much money you can borrow. If you have a very bad credit rating,
这个评级会告诉你你能借多少钱。如果你的信用评级很差，
it means nobody will give you any money; you have bad credit.
那么没人会借钱给你。
Next: 'bubble'. You might hear this word often used, especially when we're talking about houses. We have a housing bubble.
下一个‘泡沫’。大家可能经常听到这个词，尤其是谈论房产的时候。我们有房地产泡沫。
What does this mean? It means that the prices of the houses, in this particular case, are growing, growing, growing, growing.
这是什么意思？这指的是房屋价格不断增长。
There's no real reason that they should be growing. It's not like there's suddenly a huge demand or the product is so much better,
而又没有涨价的适当理由，对房屋需求没有激增，商品也没有更好，
but prices are growing and they're growing quickly for no particular reason, and then suddenly they pop or they burst.
但价格就是在增长，它们毫无理由的迅速增长，然后突然爆裂。
So a bubble grows, and then it bursts. So, people are always worried when a bubble gets too big or lasts for too long that the burst is coming,
随着泡沫增长，然后破裂。所以大家总是担心泡沫太大，持续太久，然后破裂，
and then people start panicking, and the economy is affected very much.
那时大家就开始恐慌，经济会受到非常大的影响。
Lastly, when we're talking like generally about good economy or bad economy, we say: 'boom' or 'bust'.
最后，当我们谈论经济好和不好时，我们会说‘boom’和‘bust’。
'Boom', very good, growing. 'Bust', bad, shrinking. Okay? 'Boom', up; 'bust', down.
‘繁荣’，经济非常好，经济增长。‘经济萧条’，经济下滑。
So, these are very general words that you need to know. Again, you're not going to go get your MBA with these words. Okay?
所以，这些是你们需要知道的很普通的词。写这些词不能让你读MBA，
But, you can read articles, you can watch programs about financial matters and get a little bit of better understanding.
但你可以读一些文章，看一些有关经济的栏目，并对此有更好的理解。
And the more of these words you learn, the easier it will be to study business, economics, commerce, etc.
你这些你学的越多，学习商务、经济等就会越容易。
If you have any questions, please go to www.engvid.com, and in the comments section, you can ask about these words.
如果有任何问题，请登录www.engvid.com，在评论部分，你可以提问。
There's also a quiz that you can try out to test your knowledge.
还有一个小测试，可以测试大家学得怎么样。
Don't forget to subscribe to my YouTube channel, and see you again soon. Bye-bye.
不要忘记订阅我的油管频道，下次见。
