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Hi. Welcome back to www.engvid.com. I'm Adam.
欢迎回来，我是Adam。
In today's lesson we're going to look at a bit of business writing,
在今天的课程中，我们要来看看商务写作方面的内容，
and more specifically, we're going to look at abbreviations and acronyms.
更具体地说，我们要来看看缩写词和首字母缩略词。
But before I even start, I want you to understand that a lot of what you're going to see today applies in many situations outside of business,
开始前，我想告诉大家，今天所学的很多内容都能应用于很多领域，不限于商务，
but I'll explain those when we get to them. So, first of all: What's the difference between an abbreviation and an acronym?
等我们讲到的时候再解释。首先：缩写词和首字母缩略词有什么区别？
An 'abbreviation' is a shortening of a word. Okay? It's one word that we cut out a bunch of letters and we make it shorter.
‘缩写词’是一个单词的缩写。它是一个词，我们删掉一堆字母，把这个词缩短。
So, for example, the abbreviation of the word 'abbreviation' is 'abbr.' Okay?
例如，‘abbreviation’一词的缩写是‘abbr.’。
'Acronyms', on the other hand, are basically initials. Initials means the first letter of each word.
而‘首字母缩略词’就是首字母，即每个单词的第一个字母。
And initials we usually use with people's names, like John Smith, his initials are JS.
首字母常用于人名，如John Smith，首字母是JS。
But when we want to take a bunch of words and we don't want to write all these words,
但当单词较多，我们不想全写出来时，
we just want to make something short, but it has to be understood by basically whoever is going to read it, then we're going to use acronyms. Okay?
我们会做些缩减，但读者要能够明白它们的意思才行，所以我们会用上首字母缩略词。
So, let's start with the abbreviations, and in terms of business. Now, especially when we're writing,
首先从缩写词开始，来看看和商务相关的。在写作时，
either a letter by hand like on paper or an email, these are very common.
不论是手写或邮件，这些都非常常见。
'Attn:' means: Who are you writing to? So, 'attention'.
‘Attn:’指的是：这是要写给谁的？即‘attention’。
Whose attention are you trying to get with this letter? 'Re:' means 'regarding', means: About what?
你想用这封信引起谁的注意？‘Re:’指的是：关于什么。
Now, a lot of people might think that 're:' in an email means 'reply', it doesn't.
很多人可能认为在邮件中的‘re:’指的是‘回复’，其实不是。
'Re:' in an email or a letter always means 'regarding'. What is the topic of the conversation?
邮件或信件中的‘Re:’指的是‘关于’，即这封信的主题是什么？
So, you know in the email bar it has 're:', what are you talking about when you reply to somebody? The topic. Okay?
所以邮件栏中的‘re:’，指的是往来邮件的内容是什么，即邮件的主题。
Next, when we end our letter, we should say who we are and what our position is in the company.
下一个，邮件结尾处，我们要说明自己是谁，以及在公司中任什么职位。
So, whether you're the Assistant or the Director, you can write: 'Asst.', 'Dir.' or 'Director', or Manager: 'Mgr.'
不管你是助理还是主管，你可以写：‘Asst.’或‘Dir.’，经理可以写‘Mgr.’
Notice that all three of them have a capital. So, it doesn't matter if you're using the full word or an abbreviation,
要注意这三个都要大写，不管使用的是完整的词，还是缩写词，
you still have to capitalize the title of a position, or the title of the person's place in the company. Okay?
只要是职位名称，都要大写。
So, if you're the Assistant Director, you write: 'Asst. Dir.' Now, you're wondering why there's no dot here, and there is a dot there.
如果你是助理主管，你可以写：‘Asst. Dir.’。那么为什么这词后边有加了一个点，而这个就没有呢。
There's a few ways to figure out which one to use, yes or no on the dot.
有几种方法决定要不要用点。
Firstly, the more you read and the more you engage in this sort of writing, you will just see:
首先，你读的书越多，在写作中投入的越多，你自然而然就能辨别。
What is the most common approach? But another way is a style guide.
但另一确定方法是参考格式指南。
You can use The Chicago Manual of Style, that's the most common one for general purposes.
你可以使用《芝加哥格式手册》，这是一般情况下最常见的一种。
Or if your company has its own style guide or a style sheet, look at it to see if they want a dot or they don't want the dot.
如果你们公司有自己的格式指南，可以进行查阅，看看哪些需要，哪些不需要。
It's really a personal choice of the company's. Okay?
这其实就是个人和公司的一种选择。
So, now, the main thing we have to consider is when we're writing something from the company, we're writing it on company stationery.
我们需考虑的最主要的事情是，当我们写公司文件时，我们会在公司的纸张上书写。
So, the company has pages with a letterhead. It means all the information is already at the top; the name, the logo, the address, etc.
公司的纸张上都是有公司抬头的，这意味着所有信息都置于抬头：公司名字、标志和地址等等。
So, all of this stuff might already be included, for example: which department, which building you're in, for example, in the address.
而所有这些信息也都包括在地址中，例如：哪个部门、哪个大楼等等。
We always like to take shortcuts, and we don't want to write everything. Write it short. 'dept.' is enough. Everybody knows 'dept.' means department.
我们总是喜欢走捷径，我们不想把一切都写下来，就会简写。‘dept.’就行了。大家都知道‘dept.’指的是部门。
Building is building: 'bldg.' because we just want to shorten everything. The less, the better.
Building即‘bldg.’，因为我们想要简写这些单词，越简洁越好。
When you end it, you're writing your name, and underneath: Who are you?
在文件结尾，要写上你的名字，即你是谁。
Like, okay, I know your name, but who are you in terms of the company? So, you're writing your position.
我知道了你的名字，但在公司中，你任什么职位？所以你还要写自己的职位。
Now, you can see all this stuff on business cards, letterheads, etc.
你可以在名片、信笺上看到所有这些东西。
So, next, let's look at acronyms. So, if you watched Rebecca's lesson on business acronyms,
接下来看看首字母缩略词。如果大家看过Rebecca关于首字母缩略词的商务课程，
you heard about Chief Executive Officer, 'CEO', this is the boss of the company, he runs or she runs the whole company.
那么大家应该知道Chief Executive Officer，即‘CEO’，公司老板，运营这个公司的人。
Everybody answers to him or her. So, 'CO' basically means Chief Officer, 'Executive' means of the whole company,
所有人都听命于他或她。‘CO’代表首席官，‘Executive’指整个公司，
but then you have different departments or different areas of the company.
但公司还有不同部门或不同领域。
'CFO', Chief Financial Officer, Chief Operating Officer, Chief Information Officer, and then there's many other ones that you can use.
‘CFO’指首席财务官、首席营运官、首席信息官等等。
