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国家地理:水母为何如此迷人(4)

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Then there are the ctenophores (pronounced TEH-nuh-fores), which are such oddballs they've been placed in a phylum of their own.
此外还有栉水母（发音为TEH-nuh-fores），由于它们实在太古怪了，所以自成一门。

There also known as comb jellies, for the comblike rows of tiny paddles they use to swim,
它们也叫做comb jellies，这是来自它们用来游泳、一排排像梳子的栉板，

they tend to be small, delicate, and hard to study.
这类动物往往体积小巧，非常脆弱，因此难以研究。

They come in an array of weird body types:
栉水母有各式各样怪异的体形：

Some are flat and ribbonlike; others look more like pockets or little crowns.
有些呈扁平缎带状，有些看起来像口袋或小皇冠。

Most use an adhesive to nab their prey.
大部分栉水母都会用一种黏液来捕捉猎物。

"They have what's like exploding glue packets embedded in their tentacles,"
“它们的触手里面埋着一种类似爆炸黏胶包的东西”，

explains Steve Haddock, a senior scientist at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute.
蒙特利湾水族馆研究所资深科学家史蒂夫·哈达克解释道。

In recent decades jellyfish populations in some parts of the world have boomed.
近几十年来，世界上有些地方的水母族群激增。

In the 1980s a comb jelly that's known formally as Mnemiopsis leidyi and informally as the sea walnut showed up in the Black Sea.
20世纪80年代，一种官方名称叫梳状水母、俗称海胡桃的淡海栉水母出现在黑海。

A native of the western Atlantic, it presumably had been transported in a ship's ballast water and then been discharged.
这种原生在大西洋西部的栉水母，可能是被船舰的压舱水运到黑海水域后排出。

In the Black Sea it reproduced so prolifically that by 1989 it had reached densities of up to 11 per cubic foot of water.
淡海栉水母在黑海大量繁殖，至1989年的密度已经高达每立方公尺海水有11只个体。

Fish couldn't compete with the jellies for food -- sea walnuts eat as much as 10 times their body weight a day
当地的鱼类无法与淡海栉水母争夺食物（淡海栉水母每天会吃掉体重十倍的食物），

and many fish became food for the jellies. Local fisheries collapsed.
许多鱼儿也成为栉水母的食物。结果就是，当地渔业崩溃了。

In other parts of the world, swarms of jellyfish have menaced swimmers and clogged fishing nets.
在世界上其他地方，成群的水母对泳客造成威胁，也堵塞了渔网。

In 2006, beaches in Italy and Spain were closed because of a bloom of jellyfish known as mauve stingers.
2006年，意大利与西班牙因为夜光游水母大量出现而关闭海滩。

In 2013 a Swedish nuclear plant temporarily shut down because moon jellies were blocking its intake pipes.
2013年，瑞典的一座核电厂因为海月水母堵住进水管而暂时关闭。

Situations like these led to a spate of reports that jellyfish were taking over the seas.
这类情况造成媒体上大量出现水母正接管海洋的报道。

One website warned of the "attack of the blob." Another predicted "goomageddon."
一个网站警告说“水母的攻击”。另一个则预测“水母大灾难”。

But scientists say the situation is more complicated than such headlines suggest.
然而科学家表示，实际状况比这些头条新闻所言还更复杂。

Jellyfish populations fluctuate naturally, and people tend to notice only the boom part of the cycle.
水母的族群数量本来就有自然波动，而大众往往只注意到周期中大量繁衍的时期。

扫描二维码进行跟读打分训练

1.tend to be 往往
But those tend to be in adults.
但是，这些往往是成年人。

2.compete with 与...竞争
I needed to prove to myself that I could compete with anyone.
我需要证明自己能够与任何人竞争。

3.shut down 关闭
If they violate the law, their party will be shut down.
如果违反了法律，他们创立的政党将会被关闭。

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重点单词		查看全部解释
ballast	['bæləst]	想一想再看 n. 压载物，压舱物，（铺铁路路基时所用的）石块，镇流器	联想记忆 X 单词ballast 联想记忆： ball球，重物+ast表名词，“…人，物”→(使船稳定的)压舱物
adhesive	[əd'hi:siv]	想一想再看 adj. 难忘的，有粘性的 n. 粘着剂	联想记忆 X 单词adhesive 联想记忆： ad+hes粘附+ive→发粘的;胶带
senior	['si:njə]	想一想再看 adj. 年长的，高级的，资深的，地位较高的	联想记忆 X 单词senior 联想记忆： sen年老+ior表形容词，“较…的”→年长的
temporarily	['tempərerili]	想一想再看 adv. 暂时地，临时地
spate	[speit]	想一想再看 n. 泛滥，洪水，突然的一阵	联想记忆 X 单词spate 联想记忆： spat小口角，e饿了：两个人发生小口角，互相喷吐沫，喷的都饿了，说明喷得比较狠，形成洪水。
glue	[glu:]	想一想再看 n. 胶，胶水，胶粘物 vt. 粘贴，紧附于
array	[ə'rei]	想一想再看 n. 数组，(陈)排列，大批，一系列 vt.	联想记忆 X 单词array 联想记忆： ray（n 光线）：象整齐的一排。
boom	[bu:m]	想一想再看 n. 繁荣，低沉声，帆杠，水栅 vi. 急速增	联想记忆 X 单词boom 联想记忆：读音是一种噪音的象声词
prey	[prei]	想一想再看 n. 被掠食者，牺牲者 vi. 捕食，掠夺，使
pronounced	[prə'naunst]	想一想再看 adj. 显著的，断然的，明确的 pronounce的过	联想记忆 X 单词pronounced 联想记忆：源于：pronounce（v 宣称，发音），d－被宣布的－明显的