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演讲简介：
博妮·柏索发现细菌间是会交谈的，它们用一种化学语言来达到共同防卫，协同攻击的行为。这个发现对今后的医疗、工业有着重大的意义，包括怎样认识我们人类自己。
adj. 一般的，普通的，共有的，没有商标的
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- So we went back to molecular biology and started studying different bacteria,
- 所以我们回到分子生物学的方法，开始研究不同的细菌，
- and what we've found now is that in fact, bacteria are multilingual.
- 我们现在已经发现，事实上，细菌可以讲多国种语言。
- So they all have a species-specific system -- they have a molecule that says "me."
- 它们都有一个菌种特别识别系统，用特别分子来辨别同类。
- But then, running in parallel to that is a second system that we've discovered, that's generic.
- 但是，我们发现，它们同时还有另一种系统，那是一个通用的系统。
- So, they have a second enzyme that makes a second signal and it has its own receptor, and this molecule is the trade language of bacteria.
- 因此，它们有另一种催化剂，能产生第二种信号，这种信号也有自己的受体，这种分子是细菌们的公共语言。
- It's used by all different bacteria and it's the language of interspecies communication.
- 它被所有不同的细菌所公共使用，是一种菌种间沟通的语言。
- What happens is that bacteria are able to count how many of me and how many of you. They take that information inside,
- 细菌能够计算并区分自己周围同种与异种细菌的数量。它们传递这些讯息到细胞内，
- and they decide what tasks to carry out depending on who's in the minority and who's in the majority of any given population.
- 然后决定该怎么做，它们的行动取决于在整个群体中谁占多数，谁占少数。
- And so then again we turn to chemistry, and we figured out what this generic molecule is -- that was the pink ovals on my last slide, this is it.
- 我们又使用化学方法搞清了这个通用分子的构造--通用分子就是我上一张幻灯的粉红色椭圆形。
- It's a very small, five-carbon molecule.
- 它是一个非常小的五碳分子。
- And what the important thing is that we learned is that every bacterium has exactly the same enzyme and makes exactly the same molecule.
- 重要的是，我们发现每种细菌都有完全一样的催化剂，可以制造一模一样的分子。
- So they're all using this molecule for interspecies communication. So this is the bacterial Esperanto.
- 它们都使用这个分子作为菌种间交流的语言。这是细菌的世界语。
- And so once we got that far, we started to learn that bacteria can talk to each other with this chemical language.
- 一旦我们了解这个后，我们知道细菌可以用这个分子来相互交流。
- But what we started to think is that maybe there is something practical that we can do here as well.
- 但是我们又开始思考，也许我们可以使用这个发现来做一些实质上的应用。
- So I've told you that bacteria do have all these social behaviors, they communicate with these molecules.
- 我已经告诉过你们，细菌间是有社交行为的，它们是使用这些分子进行交流的。
- And of course, I've also told you that one of the important things they do is to initiate pathogenicity using quorum sensing.
- 当然，我也告诉过你，其中一件主要的事情就是它们使用聚量感应来启动致病性。
- So we thought, what if we made these bacteria so they can't talk or they can't hear? Couldn't these be new kinds of antibiotics?
- 我们不禁想，我们是不是可以让这些细菌哑了或聋了？这岂不是可以成为一种新的抗生素？
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