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演讲简介：
博妮·柏索发现细菌间是会交谈的，它们用一种化学语言来达到共同防卫，协同攻击的行为。这个发现对今后的医疗、工业有着重大的意义，包括怎样认识我们人类自己。
n. 十年
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- Why this is interesting is because in the past decade we have found that this is not just some anomaly of this ridiculous,
- 这个发现之所以有趣，是因为在过去十年间，我们发现这种现象不只局限在这种古怪的、
- glow-in-the-dark bacterium that lives in the ocean -- all bacteria have systems like this.
- 住在大海中、会在黑暗中发光的细菌，而是所有的细菌都有类似的系统。
- So now what we understand is that all bacteria can talk to each other.
- 由此，我们发现所有细菌都是可以彼此交谈的。
- They make chemical words, they recognize those words,
- 它们制造化学文字，同时也能够辨认这些文字，
- and they turn on group behaviors that are only successful when all of the cells participate in unison.
- 然后表现只有当所有细胞齐心协力才能成功的集体行为。
- We have a fancy name for this: we call it quorum sensing.
- 我们为这种行为取了一个新潮的名字，称作：聚量感应。
- They vote with these chemical votes, the vote gets counted, and then everybody responds to the vote.
- 就象用化学物质投票，再对票量加以统计，然后所有细胞都要服从最后的投票结果。
- And what's important for today's talk is that we know that there are hundreds of behaviors that bacteria carry out in these collective fashions.
- 今天演讲最重要的一点是，我们已经知道细菌有数百种以上的这种集体行为。
- But the one that's probably the most important to you is virulence.
- 其中对大家来说，最关心的应该还是细菌的致病性。
- So it's not like a couple bacteria get in you and they start secreting some toxins -- you're enormous, that would have no effect on you. You're huge.
- 并不是说少量细菌进入你体内后就马上开始分泌毒素。相对它们来说，你是个庞然大物，少量细菌对你不会有任何的影响。
- What they do, we now understand, is they get in you, they wait, they start growing, they count themselves with these little molecules,
- 我们发现，它们是先进入你的体内，然后等待，开始不断复制增长，它们由统计小分子的数目来估计自身的实力，
- and they recognize when they have the right cell number that if all of the bacteria launch their virulence attack together,
- 当确定有足够的细胞数后，所有细菌一起发动致病攻击，
- they are going to be successful at overcoming an enormous host.
- 这样它们就能成功攻陷巨大的宿主。
- So bacteria always control pathogenicity with quorum sensing. And so that's how it works.
- 细菌总是以聚量感应来控制其致病性。这就是它们运作的原理。
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| 重点单词 | 查看全部解释 | |||
| decade | ['dekeid] | 联想记忆 | ||
| enormous | [i'nɔ:məs] | 联想记忆 | ||
| ridiculous | [ri'dikjuləs] | 联想记忆 | ||
| collective | [kə'lektiv] | 联想记忆 | ||
| cell | [sel] | |||
| understand | [.ʌndə'stænd] | |||
| control | [kən'trəul] | |||
| quorum | ['kwɔ:rəm] | |||
| bacterium | [bæk'tiəriəm] | |||
| counted | [kaunt] |
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