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演讲简介：
博妮·柏索发现细菌间是会交谈的，它们用一种化学语言来达到共同防卫，协同攻击的行为。这个发现对今后的医疗、工业有着重大的意义，包括怎样认识我们人类自己。
adj. 确定的，必然的，特定的
pron.
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- But then if you think about it, the squid has this terrible problem
- 但是如果你再深入地想一下，这乌贼会有一个可怕的问题，
- because it's got this dying, thick culture of bacteria and it can't sustain that.
- 因为在它的体内，这些黏稠的细菌会不断的增长，死亡，乌贼无法维持这些细菌的生长。
- And so what happens is every morning when the sun comes up the squid goes back to sleep, it buries itself in the sand,
- 因此每天早上当太阳升起后，它将自己埋藏在沙中，进入睡眠，
- and it's got a pump that's attached to its circadian rhythm,
- 而且它有一个与日夜周期同步的活泵，
- and when the sun comes up it pumps out like 95 percent of the bacteria.
- 当太阳升起时，它将大约95%的细菌排出体外。
- Now the bacteria are dilute, that little hormone molecule is gone, so they're not making light -- but of course the squid doesn't care.
- 既然细菌被稀释了，这些小荷尔蒙分子也随之消失，因此它们不发光了，但乌贼当然不在意。
- It's asleep in the sand. And as the day goes by the bacteria double,
- 它正在沙中睡觉呢。当一天过去，这些细菌持续分裂生长，
- they release the molecule, and then light comes on at night, exactly when the squid wants it.
- 它们释放出这些分子，然后又开始在晚上发光，刚好就是乌贼需要光线的时候。
- And so first we figured out how this bacterium does this,
- 我们先了解这些细菌为什么会有这种现象，
- but then we brought the tools of molecular biology to this to figure out really what's the mechanism.
- 然后我们使用分子生物学的方法来研究真正的分子机制是什么。
- And what we found -- so this is now supposed to be, again, my bacterial cell
- 我们发现了--再一次，想象这是我的细菌
- is that Vibrio fischeri has a protein -- that's the red box -- it's an enzyme that makes that little hormone molecule, the red triangle.
- 费氏弧菌有一种蛋白质，这个红色的方块--它是制造这小荷尔蒙分子的酵素。
- And then as the cells grow, they're all releasing that molecule into the environment, so there's lots of molecule there.
- 当细胞生长时，他们全都释放这个分子到环境中，因此环境里有一堆这种分子。
- And the bacteria also have a receptor on their cell surface that fits like a lock and key with that molecule.
- 这些细菌的细胞表面，同时还有一种受器，与此分子的构造就如同钥匙与锁一般的吻合。
- These are just like the receptors on the surfaces of your cells.
- 它们就如同你身体细胞表面上的受器一般。
- And when the molecule increases to a certain amount -- which says something about the number of cells
- 当这些分子增加到一定的量时--也意味着这些细胞数量的增加，
- it locks down into that receptor and information comes into the cells that tells the cells to turn on this collective behavior of making light.
- 荷尔蒙与受器相结合，讯息开始向细胞内部传递，这个讯息告诉这些细胞开始表现此集体行为，并开始发光。
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