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演讲简介：
博妮·柏索发现细菌间是会交谈的，它们用一种化学语言来达到共同防卫，协同攻击的行为。这个发现对今后的医疗、工业有着重大的意义，包括怎样认识我们人类自己。
n. 细胞，电池，小组，小房间，单人牢房，(蜂房的)巢室
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- What was actually interesting to us was not that the bacteria made light, but when the bacteria made light.
- 事实上，我们感兴趣的部分并不是细菌会不会发光，而是细菌何时发光。
- What we noticed is when the bacteria were alone, so when they were in dilute suspension, they made no light.
- 我们发现，当细菌独立存在，经稀释后进行悬浮培养时，它们不发光。
- But when they grew to a certain cell number all the bacteria turned on light simultaneously.
- 但一旦它们增长到一个特定数量之后，所有的细菌同时发光。
- The question that we had is how can bacteria, these primitive organisms, tell the difference from times when they're alone,
- 于是我们想，这些原始生物，到底如何得知自己是处于孤立的状态
- and times when they're in a community, and then all do something together.
- 还是处在一个群体里，并且同时一起做同一件事情。
- What we've figured out is that the way that they do that is that they talk to each other, and they talk with a chemical language.
- 然后我们发现了这是因为细菌能够彼此交谈，它们用的是化学语言。
- This is now supposed to be my bacterial cell. When it's alone it doesn't make any light.
- 假设这是我的细菌。当它独处时，根本不会发光。
- But what it does do is to make and secrete small molecules that you can think of like hormones,
- 但是它们会制造、分泌小的分子，你可以把他想象成荷尔蒙，
- and these are the red triangles, and when the bacteria is alone the molecules just float away and so no light.
- 这里的红色三角形代表这些小分子，当细菌独处时，分泌的小分子游离开来，所以不发光。
- But when the bacteria grow and double and they're all participating in making these molecules,
- 但是随着这些细菌成倍增长，并且全部一起制造这些分子，
- the molecule -- the extracellular amount of that molecule increases in proportion to cell number.
- 这些细胞外分子的含量随着细胞数量的增加而增加。
- And when the molecule hits a certain amount that tells the bacteria how many neighbors there are,
- 当这些个分子累积到一定的量之后，它们会告诉细菌它们周围有多少邻居，
- they recognize that molecule and all of the bacteria turn on light in synchrony.
- 细菌接受到这些信息后，所有的细菌同时开始发光。
- And so that's how bioluminescence works -- they're talking with these chemical words.
- 生物发光就是这样运作的--它们通过上述的化学语言进行交流。
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