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- DNA is the fundamental molecule the carries genetic instructions that help build the living world.
- DNA是携带遗传指令最基本的分子，帮助建造了生机勃勃的世界。
- Humans have DNA. Pigs have DNA. Even bacteria and some viruses have DNA too.
- 人类有DNA。猪有DNA。甚至细菌和一些病毒都有DNA。
- The genetic instructions encoded in DNA inform how our bodies develop, grow, function.
- 编码在DNA中的遗传指令，告诉我们的身体如何发育，成长和发挥机能。
- And in many cases, that same information can trigger disease.
- 而且在很多情况下，同样的信息还能引发疾病。
- Your genetic information is strung into a long and twisted molecule,
- 你的遗传信息串成了一段长而扭曲的分子，
- the DNA double helix, that has over three billion letters, beginning to end.
- 即DNA双螺旋结构，它有着超过三十亿个碱基，从开始到结束。
- But the lines that carry meaningful information are usually very short -- a few dozen to several thousand letters long.
- 但是携带有意义的信息的那几行，通常却很短--只有几十到几千个字母那么长。
- So when we're looking to answer a question based on DNA, we actually don't need to read all those three billion letters, typically.
- 所以当我们在寻找基于DNA问题的答案时，我们实际上并不需要去读完所有的那三十亿个字。
- That would be like getting hungry at night and having to flip through the whole phone book from cover to cover,
- 这会像在晚上觉得很饿，然后不得不翻阅整个电话簿，从头到尾，
- pausing at every line, just to find the nearest pizza joint.
- 一行不落，只是为了找到最近的披萨店。
- Luckily, three decades ago, humans started to invent tools that can find any specific line of genetic information.
- 幸运的是，三十年前，人类开始发明工具，使我们能找到任何一种特定的遗传信息。
- These DNA machines are wonderful. They can find any line in DNA.
- 这些DNA检测器非常棒。它们能查找出DNA中任何一行的信息。
- But once they find it, that DNA is still tiny, and surrounded by so much other DNA,
- 但虽然它们找到了它，DNA仍然很小，而且周围那么多其他的DNA，
- that what these machines then do is copy the target gene, and one copy piles on top of another,
- 那么这些机器接下来做的便是复制目标基因，复制一份又一份，
- millions and millions and millions of copies, until that gene stands out against the rest;
- 成千上万次，直到那个与众不同的基因出现；
- until we can visualize it, interpret it, read it, understand it, until we can answer: Does my pig have the flu?
- 直到我们能看见它，解释它，读懂它，理解它，直到我们能回答：我的猪得了流感吗？
- Or other questions buried in our own DNA: Am I at risk of cancer?
- 或者其他埋藏在我们自己DNA中的问题：我有患癌症的风险吗？
- Am I of Irish descent? Is that child my son?
- 我有爱尔兰血统吗? 那孩子是我亲生的吗？
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