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课程介绍:
本集讲解了：莫斯科大公国成为俄罗斯帝国、征集土地、伊凡雷帝统治时期、全篇总结俄罗斯成功的要素，详细说明波雅儿发展的来龙去脉。
原声视频：
adj. 正(传)统的
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- Yet, the lower classes got at least a little bit of respect.
- 但是下层阶级至少可以得到一点点尊重
- When Ivan the Terrible formed Russia's first standing army, the Streltsy in the 1550's,
- 伊凡雷帝建立了俄国的第一支常备军——16世纪50年代的骑兵团
- they were recruited from the lower classes because the lower classes were considered more loyal.
- 他们都来自下层，因为下层阶级被认为更忠诚
- And for all that, the peasants actually preferred to be ruled by an autocratic monarch.
- 尽管如此，农民们实际上更愿意接受专制的君主统治
- 4, Holy Russia. This was the high point of the Orthodox Church's influence on Russia.
- 四，神圣俄罗斯，这是东正教对俄罗斯影响的高潮
- First, Orthodoxy was the religious faith of almost all Russians,
- 首先，东正教是几乎所有俄罗斯人的宗教信仰
- the Muslims of the conquered Kazan and Astrakhan Khanates being the one exception.
- 信仰伊斯兰教的喀山和阿斯特拉罕汗国的穆斯林除外
- As the masses of peasants embraced Orthodoxy, Orthodoxy became Russian to meet their unique spiritual needs.
- 随着农民都拥护东正教，东正教开始满足俄罗斯人独特的精神需求
- We'll explain the consequences in the next lecture.
- 我们会在下一讲中讲解结果
- Second, Orthodoxy was a unifying force in Russian political life.
- 其次，东正教在俄罗斯的政治生活中是一股团结的力量
- When Russia seemed doomed to crumble under the Swedish and Polish invasions,
- 当俄罗斯在瑞典和波兰的入侵下就要瓦解时，
- the call for resistance came out from the St. Sergius-Trinity Monastery.
- 圣塞尔阿斯发出呼吁，号召抵御侵略
- Miraculously, the union of peasants, nobles, and orthodox church, drove the invaders out,
- 奇迹般地，农民，贵族和东正教的联盟将侵略者驱逐了出去
- proving the existence of a unique Russian national identity.
- 证明了俄罗斯民族独特的民族特性，
- But was Russia truly the Third Rome, destined to bring peace and Orthodoxy Christianity to the world? We'll find out.
- 但俄罗斯是不是真正的第三罗马，会不会给世界带来和平和正统基督教，请听下回分解
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