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现在是凌晨四点，八小时之后你有一场重要的考试，接着还有一场钢琴独奏会。
n. 构造，编队，形成，队形，[地]地层
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- At first glance, our ability to remember things doesn't seem very impressive at all.
- 乍一看，我们的记忆能力并不值得惊叹。
- 19th century psychologist Herman Ebbinghaus demonstrated that
- 十九世纪心理学家赫尔曼·艾宾浩斯发现，
- we normally forget 40% of new material within the first twenty minutes, a phenomenon known as the forgetting curve.
- 一般在20分钟内我们会忘记40%的新事物，这个现象被称作“遗忘曲线”。
- But this loss can be prevented through memory consolidation,
- 可是记忆力可以通过对记忆的巩固来提高，
- the process by which information is moved from our fleeting short-term memory to our more durable long-term memory.
- 在这个巩固的过程中，新的事物会从短期记忆移到更稳定的长期记忆。
- This consolidation occurs with the help of a major part of the brain, known as the hippocampus.
- 记忆巩固得益于脑部的一个重要部位，这个部位被称为海马体。
- Its role in long-term memory formation was demonstrated in the 1950s by Brenda Milner in her research with a patient known as H.M.
- 海马体在长期记忆形成中扮演的角色于1950年代被布兰达·米尔内通过她对一位名为H.M.的病人的研究证实。
- After having his hippocampus removed, H.M.'s ability to form new short-term memories was damaged,
- H.M.的海马体被移除后，他形成新的短期记忆的能力遭到破坏，
- but he was able to learn physical tasks through repetition.
- 但他仍能够通过不断重复学习新的体能任务。
- Due to the removal of his hippocampus, H.M.'s ability to form long-term memories was also damaged.
- 由于海马体的移除，H.M形成长期记忆的能力也被破坏了。
- What this case revealed, among other things,
- 这个例子反映出
- was that the hippocampus was specifically involved in the consolidation of long-term declarative memory,
- 海马体在长期陈述性记忆而非程序性记忆巩固的过程中至关重要，
- such as the facts and concepts you need to remember for that test, rather than procedural memory,
- 陈述性记忆包括你考试要记的事实、概念等，
- such as the finger movements you need to master for that recital.
- 程序性记忆包括你钢琴独奏要记住的手指动作。
- Milner's findings, along with work by Eric Kandel in the 90's,
- 米尔内的发现加上埃里克·坎德尔在90年代的发现
- have given us our current model of how this consolidation process works.
- 给我们提供了这个巩固过程的现有模型。
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