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课程介绍:
本集讲解了：莫斯科大公国成为俄罗斯帝国、征集土地、伊凡雷帝统治时期、全篇总结俄罗斯成功的要素，详细说明波雅儿发展的来龙去脉。
原声视频：
n. 大教堂
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- St. Basil was a wandering holy man who shoplifted every day his daily bread
- 圣巴西尔是一个周游四方的圣人，每天靠从商店偷面包过活，
- and once even dared to rebuke Ivan himself for not paying enough attention during church.
- 有一次甚至敢辱骂伊凡，因为没有足够重视他。
- People even said that Ivan had the architect blinded so that he would never again created anything so beautiful!
- 人们甚至说伊凡把建筑师眼睛弄瞎，这样就不能再创造这么美的事物了！
- To this day, St. Basil's Cathedral is probably the world's most famous and familiar Russian church.
- 迄今圣巴西尔大教堂都是世界上最有名最为人熟知的俄罗斯教堂。
- Tradition also has it that the Russian people gave Ivan the nickname Grozny, meaning the Awesome, after his victory of Kazan.
- 依照传统人们给伊凡绰号伊凡格罗斯尼，意思就是了不起的人，这是在战胜喀山汗国以后。
- In 1558, Ivan started the Livonian War, hoping to get Russia a port on the Baltic Sea.
- 1558年，伊凡发动了利沃尼亚战争，希望为俄罗斯在波罗的海抢夺一个港口。
- This effort bogged down into a long, bloody draw and the port in question would not be built until the time of Peter the Great.
- 他的努力最终结果是漫长残忍的平手，这个悬而未定的港口直到彼得大帝才建了起来。
- At some point in the 1550's, Ivan began to morph, if you will, into Ivan the Terrible.
- 在16世纪50年代时，伊凡开始改变成伊凡雷帝。
- In 1553, Ivan was deathly ill. Thinking he might die, he asked the Boyars to swear loyalty to his infant son.
- 1553年伊凡病入膏肓想到自己可能会死，他让波雅尔发誓对他还是婴儿的儿子效忠。
- The Boyars refused no doubt recalling what a wonderful little kid Ivan himself had been.
- 波雅尔毫无疑问拒绝了，想到伊凡还是小孩时是多么厉害。
- When Ivan recovered, he convinced himself that the Boyars had wanted him to die and put his cousin on the throne instead of him!
- 当伊凡身体康复后，他认为波雅尔想要他死，然后让他的堂弟即位！
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