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演讲简介：
在他所著《思想的实质》的独家新书介绍会上，史蒂芬·平克探讨了语言如何表达内心的思想--以及我们的遣词用句中透露出多少鲜为人知的信息。
adj. 失去知觉的
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- So why should anyone care?
- 那为什么有人要在乎这工作呢？
- Well, there are a number of interesting conclusions, I think,
- 这是因为有许多有趣的结论
- from this and many similar kinds of analyses of hundreds of English verbs.
- 从这个例子，还有类似的对很多英语动词的分析中可以得出。
- First, there's a level of fine-grained conceptual structure,
- 首先，存在着一个精细的概念结构
- which we automatically and unconsciously compute
- 我们自动、无意识地计算产生它
- every time we produce or utter a sentence, that governs our use of language.
- 每当我们想到或者说出一个主导我们对语言的使用的句子
- You can think of this as the language of thought, or "mentalese."
- 你可以把它理解成“思想的语言”，或者“思想语”。
- It seems to be based on a fixed set of concepts,
- 它看上去是建立在一套固定的概念之上
- which govern dozens of constructions and thousands of verbs --
- 这套概念管理着数十个构式和数千个动词
- not only in English, but in all other languages --
- 不仅仅是英文的，而是所有语言的
- fundamental concepts such as space, time, causation and human intention,
- 最基本概念，比如空间、时间、因果以及人的意愿
- such as, what is the means and what is the ends?
- 比如，什么是手段，什么是目的？
- These are reminiscent of the kinds of categories
- 这些跟康德所主张的，
- that Immanuel Kant argued are the basic framework for human thought,
- 构成人类思想的基本框架的那些范畴很相似
- and it's interesting that our unconscious use of language seems to reflect these Kantian categories.
- 很有趣的是，我们对语言的无意识的使用好像在折射着这些康德主义的范畴
- Doesn't care about perceptual qualities, such as color, texture, weight and speed,
- 不在乎感官的性质，比如颜色、材质、重量和速度
- which virtually never differentiate the use of verbs in different constructions.
- 上述这些都几乎从不区分动词在不同构式中的用法。
- An additional twist is that all of the constructions in English are used not only literally, but in a quasi-metaphorical way.
- 此外，英语中的所有构式不仅仅有字面意义，还有准隐喻的用法。
- For example, this construction, the dative, is used not only to transfer things,
- 就拿与格来说，不仅用来转移事物，
- but also for the metaphorical transfer of ideas,
- 还用来比喻思想的转移，
- as when we say, "She told a story to me" or "told me a story,"
- 比如，"She told a story to me"或者"told me a story"
- "Max taught Spanish to the students" or "taught the students Spanish."
- "Max taught Spanish to the student"或者"taught the students Spanish."
- It's exactly the same construction, but no muffins, no mice, nothing moving at all.
- 这都是完全一样的构式，但里面没有蛋糕或者老鼠，完全没有运动。
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| 重点单词 | 查看全部解释 | |||
| unconscious | [ʌn'kɔnʃəs] | 联想记忆 | ||
| conceptual | [kən'septjuəl] | |||
| additional | [ə'diʃənl] | |||
| perceptual | [pə'septʃuəl] | |||
| differentiate | [.difə'renʃi.eit] | 联想记忆 | ||
| metaphorical | [.metə'fɔ:rikəl] | |||
| reflect | [ri'flekt] | 联想记忆 | ||
| automatically | [.ɔ:tə'mætikəli] | |||
| fundamental | [.fʌndə'mentl] | |||
| intention | [in'tenʃən] | 联想记忆 |
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