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演讲简介：
在他所著《思想的实质》的独家新书介绍会上，史蒂芬·平克探讨了语言如何表达内心的思想--以及我们的遣词用句中透露出多少鲜为人知的信息。
n. 结构，框架，参照标准，体系
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- We see it in the constant appearance of slang and jargon, of the historical change in languages,
- 我们看到俗语和术语不断产生，历史上语言在变化
- in divergence of dialects and the formation of new languages.
- 方言在分支，新的语言在形成
- So language is not so much a creator or shaper of human nature, so much as a window onto human nature.
- 所以语言并不只是创造、塑造人性之物，同样是反映人性的窗口
- And...in a book that I'm currently working on,
- 我正在写的一本书中
- I hope to use language to shed light on a number of aspects of human nature,
- 我希望能阐明人性的一些方面
- including the cognitive machinery with which humans conceptualize the world
- 包括认知机能，人们靠这个把世界概念化
- and the relationship types that govern human interaction.
- 还有掌管人类互动的各类关系。
- And I'm going to say a few words about each one this morning.
- 今天早上，我将对它们逐一简要介绍。
- Let me start off with a technical problem in language that I've worried about for quite some time
- 让我从一个语言中的技术性问题开始，我研究这个问题已经有一段时间了
- and indulge me in my passion for verbs and how they're used.
- 希望你们能包涵一下，包涵我对动词和它们用法的热情
- The problem is, which verbs go in which constructions?
- 问题在于，哪个动词用于哪个构式？
- The verb is the chassis of the sentence.
- 动词是句子的基座，
- It's the framework onto which the other parts are bolted.
- 其他部分都安在这个基座上。
- Let me give you a quick reminder of something that you've long forgotten.
- 让我提醒你们一下，这是你们早已忘记的东西。
- An intransitive verb, such as "dine," for example, can't take a direct object.
- 不及物动词，比如“用餐”，不能带有直接的宾语
- You have to say, "Sam dined," not, "Sam dined the pizza."
- 你得说：“山姆用餐了",而不是“山姆用餐了比萨饼”
- A transitive verb mandates that there has to be an object there:
- 一个及物动词要求必须有宾语：
- "Sam devoured the pizza." You can't just say, "Sam devoured."
- “山姆吞吃比萨饼”。你不能只是说“山姆吞吃”。
- There are dozens or scores of verbs of this type, each of which shapes its sentence.
- 有许许多多这类的动词，每个都塑造着句子。
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