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- In fact, the division of Russ into smaller, appanage principalities made the nation both weaker and less centralized.
- 俄罗斯分裂成更小的封地,公国使国家既虚弱又不集中。
- Making it comparatively easy pickings.
- 使它更容易成为侵略的目标。
- The only Russian principality to maintain any democratic traditions was again Great Novgorod.
- 俄罗斯的公国保持了一些民主的传统就是大诺夫哥罗德。
- Which eventually fell to Ivan The Third of Moscow in 1478.
- 最终伊凡三世1478年即位。
- Ivon the terrible summoned Russia's first or national counsel in 1549.
- 在1549年,伊凡雷帝建立了重臣会议或者委员会。
- But it was primarily just to approve the plans he had already made.
- 最开始只是通过他制定的计划。
- In 1613, the national board was called again but it selected Michael Romanov to be Tsar.
- 1613年,再次组织国民议会,米哈伊尔罗曼诺夫当选成为沙皇。
- A valid choice but still when push came to shove they chose autocracy.
- 这是有效的选择,但当要摆脱困境时,他们会选择独裁。
- Three, the Orthodox Church.
- 第三,东正教堂。
- The myth of Russia's conversion to Orthodoxy in 988 AD contains the fact that Church and State began together and that they grew together.
- 俄罗斯的神话在988年转化成正教——教堂和国家开始结合。
- Although the pagan way survived among the peasantry for 3 or 4 centuries.
- 尽管异教徒在农民中存在了三,四个世纪了。
- The Orthodox Church played an enormous role in the Russian Empire's growth.
- 东正教在俄罗斯帝国的成长过程中发挥了巨大的作用。
- For one thing it brought literacy along with it and a link to the culture of the Byzantine Empire.
- 一方面他带来了文明和加强拜占庭文化的联系。
- Unlike Western Europeans who worshipped in Latin whether they understood Latin or not.
- 和西欧国家不同,崇拜拉丁语无论他们懂不懂。
- Russians worshiped in Old Church Slavonic an older variant of Russian which everybody understood.
- 俄罗斯人敬畏古教会斯拉夫语,是每个人都可以明白的俄语的一种古老的变形。
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课程介绍:
本集介绍如下内容:俄罗斯民族的起源、斯拉夫文化对俄罗斯的影响、俄罗斯的成长之路弗拉基米尔如何确定东正教为国教、俄国农民在各个方面的不公、蒙古统治的特点、教堂对俄国语言,民族团结发挥了重要作用。
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来源:可可英语 http://www.kekenet.com/Article/201701/489012.shtml