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课程介绍:
本集介绍如下内容：俄罗斯民族的起源、斯拉夫文化对俄罗斯的影响、俄罗斯的成长之路弗拉基米尔如何确定东正教为国教、俄国农民在各个方面的不公、蒙古统治的特点、教堂对俄国语言，民族团结发挥了重要作用。
原声视频：
adj. 正(传)统的
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- As long as the meer or peasant community could provide the nobles with their income.
- 只要农民能用他们的收入供给贵族。
- There is no point in bettering the peasants lives.
- 但这种做法于农民生活的改善无益。
- When the meer could not be forced to provide income.
- 如果无法强迫他们供给收入。
- The noble solution was usual force, the Russian peasantin fact had it very tough compared to its Roman counterpart.
- 贵族通常的解决办法就是武力，和对手罗马相比，俄国的农民阶层生活很艰苦。
- Rich or poor a free born Roman male was a citizen with rights and a stakeholder in the Roman state.
- 无论贫富，一个自由的罗马男性就是有权利的市民同样也是罗马帝国的一个利益相关的人。
- Not so the poor Russian peasants who had no chance of improving their lot in life.
- 俄罗斯农民就不是这样，生活上不可能得到很大的改善。
- They fight for their Grand Prince but resentfully.
- 他们为大公卖命，心里并不情愿。
- In the sense of loyalty to the Kiev and Russ state was just about absent.
- 对基辅和俄罗斯几乎没有忠诚。
- The Orthodox churches' ancient literary tradition inspired Kiev and Russ to become literate.
- 天主教堂古老的文学传统激励基辅和俄罗斯的文化积淀。
- The Grand Princes and Boyars endowed churches and monasteries.
- 大公和波雅尔拥护教堂和修道院。
- And invited to Russ, Byzantine architects and other arts and craftsmen.
- 邀请拜占庭建筑师艺术家以及工匠到俄罗斯。
- The evangelists Cyril and Methodius introduced Cyrillic Alphabet used first for Old Church Slavonic and then for Russian.
- 福音传道士西里尔和默多狄引入了西里尔字母，首次代替古教会斯拉夫语，然后代替俄语。
- And which led to the compilation of chronicles.
- 这也促使了历代记的撰写。
- The Byzantine influence also included icon painting, an example of how Russians would rather praise correctly, Pravoslavia.
- 拜占庭的影响——包括圣像画，俄罗斯人更愿意赞赏帕拉沃斯拉夫。
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