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演讲简介：
1812年，四位学者在在剑桥大学一起吃了一顿早餐。一次影响至今的科学革命就这样开始了。这四个人——在“科学家”一词出现之前自称“自然哲学家”——将四个基本原则引入科学领域。哲学家、历史学家劳拉·斯奈德（Laura Snyder）讲述了他们这段奇妙的故事。
adj. 计算出的；适合的；有计划的 v. 计算；估计；
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- Herschel helped by making tidal observations off the coast of South Africa,
- 赫歇尔帮助在南非海岸建立了潮汐观察站，
- and, as he complained to Whewell,
- 有一次，他向胡威立抱怨，
- he was knocked off the docks during a violent high tide for his trouble.
- 他有一次因为失误而在码头被一个大浪冲倒了。
- The four men really helped each other in every way.
- 这四个人真的做到了相互帮助。
- They also relentlessly lobbied the British government for the money to build Babbage's engines
- 他们不知疲倦的游说英国政府拨款建造巴贝奇的差分机
- because they believed these engines would have a huge practical impact on society.
- 因为他们相信这些引擎能够对社会产生非常大的积极影响。
- In the days before pocket calculators, the numbers that most professionals needed
- 在没有电子计算器的年代，很多行业需要用到数据
- bankers, insurance agents, ship captains, engineers, were to be found in lookup books like this, filled with tables of figures.
- 银行家、保险代理人、船长、工程师都只能通过这样的大部头书中查找，书里面是预先计算好的各种数字表格。
- These tables were calculated using a fixed procedure over and over
- 这些表格都是由一些临时工--被称作“人工计算机”--
- by part-time workers known as -- and this is amazing -- computers,
- 依据固定的计算过程一遍一遍算出来的，
- but these calculations were really difficult.
- 但是这些计算真的很复杂。
- I mean, this nautical almanac published the lunar differences for every month of the year.
- 例如这份航海历就计算了一年中每个月份的月相差异。
- Each month required 1,365 calculations, so these tables were filled with mistakes.
- 每个月都需要1365个计算结果，所以这些表格里面错误重重。
- Babbage's difference engine was the first mechanical calculator devised to accurately compute any of these tables.
- 巴贝奇的差分机是第一个能够用来精确计算表格中任何结果的机器。
- Two models of his engine were built in the last 20 years
- 二十年前，伦敦科学博物馆的
- by a team from the Science Museum of London using his own plans.
- 一个团队根据他的图纸建造了两台差分机。
- This is the one now at the Computer History Museum in California, and it calculates accurately. It actually works.
- 图中这个现在位于加州计算机历史博物馆，它现在仍可精确进行计算。它实际还是可以使用的。
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| 重点单词 | 查看全部解释 | |||
| calculated | ['kælkjuleitid] | |||
| insurance | [in'ʃuərəns] | 联想记忆 | ||
| accurately | ['ækjuritli] | |||
| relentlessly | ||||
| nautical | ['nɔ:tikəl] | 联想记忆 | ||
| impact | ['impækt,im'pækt] | 联想记忆 | ||
| compute | [kəm'pju:t] | 联想记忆 | ||
| mechanical | [mi'kænikəl] | |||
| procedure | [prə'si:dʒə] | 联想记忆 | ||
| violent | ['vaiələnt] |
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