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演讲简介：
民主兴盛于公民的自由辩论，遗憾的是我们却疏于练习。在这个新颖有趣的演讲里，听众们参与辩论最高法院近年受理的一个案件（凯西.马丁状告美国职业高尔夫球协会），并从互动讨论中揭示出公平正义的关键本质。
n. 同时代的人
adj. 同时代的，同时的，
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- We'll all be better off if good music is played rather than terrible music.
- 有好音乐听，我们的生活更美好
- But Peter, Aristotle doesn't agree with you that that's the reason.
- 但是，彼得，亚里士多德的理由跟你的很不一样
- That's all right.
- 当然这没有关系
- Aristotle had a different reason for saying the best flutes should go to the best flute players.
- 关于为什么要把最好的笛子分给最好的笛手，亚里士多德有另外一个理由
- He said, that's what flutes are for to be played well.
- 他说：那是笛子存在的意义，是被完美地吹奏
- He says that to reason about just distribution of a thing,
- 他说，为了探讨如何公平地分配一样东西
- we have to reason about, and sometimes argue about, the purpose of the thing, or the social activity
- 我们必须先探讨这一事物或社会活动存在的目的和意义
- in this case, musical performance.
- 在这里，是音乐演奏的目的和意义
- And the point, the essential nature,
- 而音乐演奏的本质目的
- of musical performance is to produce excellent music.
- 是为了创造出美妙的音乐
- It'll be a happy byproduct that we'll all benefit.
- 我们要是碰巧都能从中受益，那是个皆大欢喜的结果
- But when we think about justice, Aristotle says,
- 但是论及公平正义，亚里士多德说
- what we really need to think about is the essential nature of the activity in question
- 我们必须思考的是所涉及问题的根本实质
- and the qualities that are worth honoring and admiring and recognizing.
- 以及哪些品质是真正值得尊重，值得称赞，值得认可的
- One of the reasons that the best flute players should get the best flutes
- 把最好的笛子分给最好的笛手，理由之一在于
- is that musical performance is not only to make the rest of us happy,
- 音乐演奏的目的不仅在于取悦听众，
- but to honor and recognize the excellence of the best musicians.
- 更在于尊重并认可杰出音乐家的高超技艺
- Now, flutes may seem ... the distribution of flutes may seem a trivial case.
- 当然，分配笛子这种事可能看起来微不足道
- Let's take a contemporary example of the dispute about justice.
- 让我们来看一个当代关于公平公正的争论
- It had to do with golf.
- 是关于高尔夫球的
- Casey Martin -- a few years ago, Casey Martin -- did any of you hear about him?
- 几年以前，凯西.马丁有人听说过他吗？
- He was a very good golfer, but he had a disability.
- 他是一名非常出色的高尔夫球手，但他有一项残疾
- He had a bad leg, a circulatory problem,
- 他有条腿不好，血液循环方面的问题
- that made it very painful for him to walk the course.
- 导致他很难在球场上自如行走
- In fact, it carried risk of injury.
- 不仅如此，他还很容易因此受伤
- He asked the PGA, the Professional Golfers' Association,
- 他请求PGA，也就是职业高尔夫协会
- for permission to use a golf cart in the PGA tournaments.
- 准许他在职业锦标赛上，使用高尔夫球车代步
- They said, "No. Now that would give you an unfair advantage."
- 这个请求被驳回了，理由是：“这样做有失公平”
- He sued, and his case went all the way to the Supreme Court, believe it or not,
- 马丁为此上告法院，案子一路上诉到最高法院，信不信由你，
- the case over the golf cart,
- 为了区区一部高尔夫球车
- because the law says that the disabled must be accommodated,
- 法律规定残疾人士必须得到适当的照顾优待
- provided the accommodation does not change the essential nature of the activity.
- 但这种优待必须在不改变活动本质的前提下
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