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当今导致美国女性死亡最大的原因分别是心脏病和中风，而血压和血糖又是女性应当着重考虑的危险因素，而盐和糖又是造成问题的重要成分。这一节讲到了美国目前的糖和盐在食品中的现实状况，说明了目前食品环境中普遍含量很高的糖和盐对个人和公共健康的威胁。最后，医生从个人和公共健康两个层面，给出了自己的建议。 亮点：女性生命最大的两个杀手心脏病和中风，每天少吃半匙盐，你就赢了一半了
n. 商议，忠告，法律顾问
v. 商议，劝告
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- And so studies in controlled settings show that
- 受控研究显示
- Your taste receptors for salty foods get up-regulated the more salty food you eat
- 吃得较咸，味觉感受器习惯水平会上调
- and as you start to eat less salty food, they get down-regulated
- 一旦吃得不那么咸，则习惯水平又会下调
- and you start to expect that food tastes less salty
- 此时，你会习惯比较淡的食物
- This process actually happens pretty quickly
- 这个过程很快
- So six weeks it takes to down-regulate the salt receptors
- 六周就能下调食盐味觉感受
- And I want you to picture this because
- 希望大家能够明白
- One of the themes that those of us who have been thinking about this have come to is that
- 正因为这种现象
- it is probably not the right thing to counsel people to make very dramatic, drastic changes in their salt intake
- 不要建议人们快速大幅减少盐摄取
- It's probably better to counsel people to move slowly over time
- 让他们慢慢减少会更好
- Because over time they are likely to get to lower levels of salt intake without noticing much different in the taste of the foods
- 随着时间推移，他们能降低盐摄取水平，且不察觉味道差异
- Salt is related to the weight of the foods. So we've learned that
- 盐还和食物重量有关
- in the Institute of Medicine report on this topic that it is
- 医学研究院报告显示
- a more common practice now to inject foods like chicken with salty water
- 现在往鸡中注射盐水越来越普遍
- Because salt draws water and it makes the chicken weight more
- 因为盐吸水，让鸡更重
- Because there's more water in that chicken
- 鸡中有更多水
- So even before you started cooking it, there is already salt in that chicken
- 也就是说，烹饪之前，鸡肉中就已经有盐了
- Salt is of course related to thirst
- 盐还能让人口渴
- And related to the need for more beverages if you've sat at a bar or restaurant
- 酒吧或餐馆中
- you know the salty chips or nuts and part of the incentive there is order more beverages
- 会有一些咸薯条和坚果让你口渴了，买他们的酒水
- So lowering dietary salt could lower blood pressure and cardiovascular risk
- 膳食中降低盐摄取，能够降低血压和心脏病风险
- Despite this fact, we're all consuming way too much salt and our intake has been on the rise
- 虽然如此，人们的盐摄取量很大而且还在增加
- And because salt is already added to the foods that most of us eat
- 由于盐很多是早就加入到食品中的
- it's hard for any individual to make change easily
- 个人很难改变这种状况
- And that is why there is a growing interest in movement into thinking of salt as the public health target
- 所以需要在公共健康领域进行积极活动
- And thinking how we can work directly with manufacturers of food
- 想办法直接影响到食品生产商
- to get them to lower salt that's already added to the foods
- 让他们在食品中少加盐
- This is a study that we did looking at what might be the effects of such efforts
- 这是我们关于类似尝试结果的研究
- We asked, what if we could lower salt in the food supply in the US by about 3 g
- 问题是，如果美国食品供应中盐含量降低3克/天
- so that the intake would be lower by about 3 g per day?
- 人们的盐摄取量降低3克/天，情况会如何
- Now, 3 g is half a teaspoon of salt
- 3克是半茶匙的量
- It means all of us would eat on average half a teaspoon less of salt a day
- 这意味着，所有人每天少摄入半茶匙的盐
- Remember if you're a man, you started at 10.4
- 记得吧，男性现在是10.4克/天
- and if we lowered you by 3, you're at 7.4
- 减少3克，就是7.4克
- If you're a woman, you started at 7.3. We've gotten you down to 4.3
- 女性现在是7.3克，减少后就是4.3克
- None of those numbers are really in the guidelines range.You still have a way to go
- 这些都还没达到指导水平。还需要减
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