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当今导致美国女性死亡最大的原因分别是心脏病和中风，而血压和血糖又是女性应当着重考虑的危险因素，而盐和糖又是造成问题的重要成分。这一节讲到了美国目前的糖和盐在食品中的现实状况，说明了目前食品环境中普遍含量很高的糖和盐对个人和公共健康的威胁。最后，医生从个人和公共健康两个层面，给出了自己的建议。 亮点：女性生命最大的两个杀手心脏病和中风，每天少吃半匙盐，你就赢了一半了
n. 滋味，香料，风格
vt. 加味于
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- What if we choose something else?
- 其它东西呢，
- What if we choose something like a turkey sandwich?
- 比如火鸡三明治
- A turkey sandwich, most sliced breads
- 火鸡三明治中一片面包
- have about 10% of your recommended daily value of salt
- 大概含有10%的推荐盐摄入量
- If you put anything on top of that sliced bread
- 上面还要加其它东西
- If you add turkey, cheese, ham,
- 加火鸡，奶酪，火腿，
- whatever you want to add all of that quite a lot of salt
- 这些也含很多盐
- You cover it with another piece of bread that is another 10%
- 再上面还有一层面包，又是10%
- If you spread anything on your bread when you're eating it catchup, mustard, mayonnaise,
- 面包上也许还要加上酱料，番茄酱，芥末酱，蛋黄酱，
- salt in all of that and the pickles as well
- 这些又含有盐
- You can, with quite a conservative turkey sandwich
- 一个普通火鸡三明治，保守估计
- have up to 50% of your daily value of salt more than the bag of chips that you might choose to avoid
- 就会占日盐摄入量的50%，你可能会避免吃薯条
- if you're trying to lower your salt intake
- 但这比一袋薯条含盐量还高
- Raisin bran for a healthy breakfast?
- 麦片做早餐营养吗
- Even when we start out breakfast in the morning
- 哪怕是吃早餐
- The salt is there in the cereal that we eat
- 麦片中也会有盐
- It's really 300, 350 mg of sodium
- 含300 350毫克的钠
- Milk that you add to your cereal also has salt
- 加入麦片的牛奶也有盐
- And so you can start out with a healthy breakfast and already be a little bit behind the eight ball in terms of your salt intake for the day
- 这么一顿营养早餐就已经让你摄入了不少盐
- So it turns out, the sources of salt in our grocery bags most of it is actually coming from breads and cereals
- 可以看出，日常食品中的盐主要来自于面包和麦片
- From breads, from cereals, from pastas, from pastries
- 面包，麦片，面食，点心
- All of those really are the major contributors to salt in our diet
- 这些都是膳食中盐的主要来源
- About a quarter comes from meat and meat products
- 大概四分之一来自肉和肉类产品
- and about 8% from milk and milk products and obviously this varies depending on whether you're a vegetarian or other things
- 大约8%来自牛奶和乳制品，显然，这取决于不同人，素食者肯定不是如此
- but it turns out that whether you're vegetarian or you eat meet
- 不过，不管你是素食者还是吃肉的人
- It's pretty hard to avoid salt if you're eating processed, prepared or packaged foods
- 从加工，餐厅，包装食物中，都很难避免盐
- Why do food manufacturers use so much salt?
- 食品制造商为何加那么多盐
- Well, we know historically that salt is an important preservative
- 历史上，盐是重要的防腐剂
- So over time before people had refrigeration, They used salt as a way to keep food from going bad
- 拥有制冷技术之前，人们都是使用盐来防腐
- It turns out that this is probably not the main reason
- 不过这并不是食品中含很多盐的主要原因
- that there's so much salt or sodium in the foods that we eat
- 不过这并不是食品中含很多盐的主要原因
- There are a few foods that really require sodium containing preservatives
- 少量食物确实需要钠盐来防腐
- but many more that don't
- 但大部分不用
- and still have much more sodium added to them than it's required for preservation
- 而且盐的量远远超过了防腐所需
- A major reason this taste
- 一个主要原因是味道
- It turns out that salt is a very cheap way to add flavor to food
- 食盐很便宜，但能有效增加食物风味
- And those of you who baked chocolate chip cookies you know that
- 做过巧克力曲奇的人都知道
- you need salt to make sweet things taste good
- 需要盐让甜东西味道更好
- And you also need salt make salty savory food taste good
- 风味食品中也需要盐来调味
- And it's a very cheap way to do it
- 盐很便宜，而且效果好
- If you are trying to keep the cost down on a packaged food product
- 对于包装食品商而言，是绝好的选择
- It turns out that our bodies get very habituated to salty foods
- 人体容易习惯食物的咸味
- And we learn to get that food should taste as salty as it currently tastes
- 觉得咸度应该在这个习惯标准
- The good news is that this can be unlearned
- 好消息是，习惯能重新建立
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