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课程介绍:
本课程对罗马帝国和前苏联的兴衰进行回顾，探讨它们历史变迁的内在规律，并将现代的超级大国——美国与它们进行比较，从而作出对未来可能的一些预测。
原声视频：
n. 支付，付款，报偿，报应
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- During the time of the five good emperors the Limes was fairly quiet.
- 在五贤帝统治时期边界线相对平静。
- It was well governed and there was a shortage of barbarians.
- 得到了良好的管理，蛮族入侵也很少。
- Marcus Aurelius' wars on the Danube gave a dangerous foretaste though of Roman future,
- 马可·奥勒留在多瑙河地区的战争是罗马未来的一个危险预兆，
- the barbarians got knocked down, but they got up again.
- 蛮族人虽然被击败了，却又卷土重来。
- Two, national gut check.
- 第二点 罗马面临大考验
- The dynasty of Septimius Severus, which ruled from 193 AD to 235 AD kept Rome's impending crisis at arm's length.
- 公元193到235年的塞维鲁王朝一直都在避免危险逼近。
- Severus' personal contribution was to all but trash the principate.
- 塞维鲁的个人贡献就是抛弃了元首制。
- The republican forms still existed but Severus worked around them.
- 共和国政府形式仍然存在，但是塞维鲁解决了这个问题。
- Severus was more concerned with keeping his army paid and trained so much for the solace generus humani or common good of human kind.
- 塞维鲁更关心军队的军饷和训练，并不关心苍生疾苦或者什么人类福祉。
- The Roman's safety net rotted away but Severus assumed no doubt rightly,
- 罗马的安全网逐渐腐烂，但是塞维鲁正当地假定
- that the solace generus humani wouldn't be worth much with barbarians traipsing around the roads of the inner empire.
- 人类疾苦当然没有抵御蛮族的入侵来得重要，
- Nor would it be worth much with Roman armies traipsing along the same roads to install their own commanders as imperator.
- 也没有防止罗马军队将自己的将军拥为元首来得重要。
- The government crumbled so badly that it wouldn't even accept its own coinage in payment of taxes.
- 政府衰落得厉害，甚至都不愿意接受以本国货币上缴的税收。
- The world's greatest super power had gone back to a barter economy.
- 这个世界超级大国又回到了以物易物的经济状态。
- This national gut check made Hannibal look like a trick-or-treater.
- 跟这次考验一比，汉尼拔当年的入侵简直小巫见大巫。
- Three, blame the Christians
- 第三点 归咎于基督徒
- Not that the Christians or anyone else for that matter deserved to be persecuted of course
- 并不是说基督徒或者其他人应当受到迫害，
- but in times as wretched as those during the crisis of the third century AD it was almost understandable.
- 只是在那种艰难处境里，在三世纪危机时，这种做法也是可以理解的。
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