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本课程结合大量地图，探索了美国总统大选（包括过去和现在）中的地理学，并且对仅仅简单把美国分为红州（共和党）和蓝州（民主党）这一说法提出挑战。现实中，美国社会两党的情况，远比这种简单的两分法要复杂。
n. 辩论，讨论
vt. 争论，思考
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- Some people say that the United States right now has deep divisions not this deep, obviously
- 有人说美国现在有着严重的党派之争，但与那时相比，明显要好多了
- but some of the observers look at the political scene and find something to be worried about
- 但总有观察者为如今的政治形势感到担忧
- Certainly, in the elections going on right now
- 的确，在正在进行的大选中
- we see a lot of animosity between supporters of both political parties
- 我们看到很多仇恨，敌意存在于两党的支持者中
- Actually in the last week it was the semi-two half intensified
- 事实上，上周随着大选进入关键阶段
- some people look at that, and are worried
- 有人越来越感到担忧
- but political scientists and political geographers debate about this issue
- 同时政治学者和政治地理学家也在就这个问题展开讨论
- how polarized really is the United States and how geographically structured are those polarities
- 例如到底美国的分化严重到什么程度，美国的分化在地理上是怎么分布的
- here are just some covers of a couple of recent books "POLARIZED AMERICA"
- 这里有2本最近出版的书的封面，一本是《两极分化的美国》
- the Dance of ideology and unequal Riches
- 意识形态的分歧和不平等的财富分配
- Versus a Stanford political scientist Morris P.Fiorina wrting Culture War,The Myth of a polarized America
- 一本是斯坦福大学的政治学家Morris P.Fiorina出版的《文化战争》——美国的分化之谜
- Fiorina argues that yes, there's a lot of polarizations
- Fiorina在书中写到美国的确存在很多分化现象
- But it's mostly among what he calls the political classes
- 但主要存在于所谓的政治阶层当中
- but actually if u look at a lot of political opinion polling
- 如果你留意一些政治方面的民意调查
- You'll find most of Americans would put themselves somewhere in the center
- 你会发现大部分美国人都认为自己是比较中立的
- Actually at 2004 fairly large scale public opinion poll find that
- 在2004年一个大型的民意调查显示
- 45% of American classified themselves as centrists or moderates
- 45%的美国人将自己归为中立派或温和派
- 21% as liberals and 34% as conservatives
- 21%的人认为自己是自由党人，34%的人认为自己较为保守
- you added that all together it'll only give you 1% for radicals and extremists of our sorts
- 你算一算就知道，只有1%的人认为自己是激进分子或极端主义者
- Seems low but I guess people don't like to classify themselves as such
- 看起来很低，但我想没人愿意把自己归为这一类
- And of course it all depends on how you asked the questions what sort of thing you get
- 当然这取决于你如何安排问卷中的问题，以及你想得到怎样的信息
- And different pollsters come out of different numbers
- 不同的民意测验家会得到不同的数据
- and actually there are a lot of evidence suggested that many people in the U.S. are at the center
- 但的确有很多数据显示许多美国人是中立的
- Political strategist so wonder how to deal with this polarization or lag there off
- 政治家们在思考如何减少这些分化与隔阂
- In 2004, the well-known Republican political strategist Matthew Dawd decided that
- 2004年，著名的共和党人政治战略家马修提出，
- the middle ground was so small and there were so few undecided voters or swing voters
- 处于中间立场的人很少，只有少数选民是犹豫或态度摇摆的
- That one could win an election just by focusing on the base and getting out the vote
- 只有把注意力集中在大多数人身上，才能获得选票，赢得大选
- That was successful
- 这种战略很有效果
- The same strategy seems to be follow today by the McCain campaign doesn't seem to be working so well
- 现在相同的战略也正被麦凯恩阵营采用，却没有取得很好的效果
- The question is they misjudge the center of the U.S
- 问题在于他没正确判断出美国如今的症结
- Or have conditions changed, have voters changed, the economy changed
- 又可能是如今的政治环境，选民以及经济情况都已不同于04年
- While there is a lot going into it
- 这其中包含很多复杂的原因
- And We cannot obviously figure it all out quite so easily
- 显然这个问题不是我们轻易能弄清楚的
- My question is how geographically structured is this polarity
- 现在我要提出的问题是这种分化在地理上是如何分布的
- Because we know there is a large degree of polarization
- 因为我们知道如今两党支持者在地理上的分化程度很深
- And there is more polarization now than it was twenty years ago
- 如今的分化程度远比20年前要大得多
- Certainly more than it was 1950's, early 1960's apparently when polarization was relatively low
- 无疑比五六十年代的情况要严重，当时两党支持者的地理分化没那么明显
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